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kris10leejmu
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What is neoplasia?
uncontrolled growth of cells whose proliferation cannot be adequately controlled by normal regulatory mechanisms in normal tissues
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Why is cancer called "cancer"?
- latin word for crab
- tumors invade tissues like crawling crabs
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What does the word tumor mean?
swelling
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What are some other names for tumor?
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What is oncology?
the study of neoplasia
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What is the proliferation of normal cells regulated by?
- genetic program of each cell
- signals transmitted between cells by direct contact
- various soluble substances which have growth promoting or inhibiting effects
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What happens once cells stop proliferating?
they assume specialized functions by activating specific genes and suppressing unneeded genes
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Do cancer cells usually achieve the same level of differentiation as normal cells?
no
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Describe the growth of a tumor cell.
- autonomous
- excessive
- disorganized
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How is the growth of a tumor cell autonomous?
independent of growth factors and stimuli that promote the growth of normal cells
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How is the growth of a tumor cell excessive?
do not respond to normal regulations of cell proliferation - growth does not stop
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How is the growth of a tumor cell disorganized?
random growth - does not try to form normal tissue
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Can more than one type of neoplasia occur in an individual?
yes
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Are all cells in a tumor neoplastic?
- no
- supportive elements are not neoplastic - connective tissue, blood vessels
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What can interfere with the recognition of a tumor?
- hemorrhage
- necrosis
- inflammation
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Can spontaneous regression of neoplasia occur?
yes
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Can tumors develop from any cell type?
yes
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What are the different types of neoplasia of the spleen?
- lymphosarcoma (lymphocytes)
- hemangiosarcoma (blood vessels)
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What are the different types of neoplasia of the skin?
- melanomas (melanocytes)
- sebaceous adenomas (oil glands)
- lipomas (adipose cells)
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Not all masses are neoplasms. What types of masses are not neoplastic?
- granulomas
- cysts
- abscesses
- hyperplastic nodules (spleen, prostate, mammary)
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Not all neoplasms are masses. What are some neoplasms that are not masses?
- leukemia (malignant cells in circulation)
- diffuse infiltration or enlargement of an organ
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Does the size of the tumor indicate the degree of malignancy?
- no
- tiny tumors can be malignant, large tumors can be benign
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Can neoplasia be present as a non-healing lesion or as an ulcerated mass?
yes
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Is neoplasia usually a different color from adjacent normal tissue?
yes
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Can we identify neoplasia by a gross exam?
- no
- microscopic identification is needed
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Why is important to identify the specific type of neoplasia?
for prognosis, treatment, and to predict the behavior of the tumor
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What is the role of the LVT regarding neoplasia?
- recognize potential neoplasms (grossly and microscopically)
- may observe tumor cells in sediment cytology of urine, body cavity fluid, blood smears, aspirates
- prepare tissue for cytology
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