USMLE FA Micro Mnemonics

Treponema, Rickettsia, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia

Chlamydia, Borriella , Rickettsiae, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium

• PAS staining for Tropheryma whipplei
• agent of Whipple's disease (pancreatic)

• Medium for Neisserial growth
• Vancomycin, Polymyxins, Nystatin to kill competitors

Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Mycobacteria, Bacillus

• Rickettsia, Chlamydia
• (intracellular)

Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersina

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae B, Neissera meningitidis, E.coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, group B Strep.

Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E.Coli, S.aureus, Serratia

Cryptococcus, H.pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S.epidermidis, S.saprophyticus

Streptococcus pneumoniae, HiB, Neisseria

• Toxins of ETEC:
• 1. LT-labile toxin, inc cAMP (increases secretion)
• 2. ST-stable toxin, inc cGMP (decreases absorption)

• Edema
• Nitric oxide
• DIC/death
• O-antigen
• Tnf-a
• Outer membrane
• Xtremely heat stable
• IL-1
• Neutrophil chemotaxis

Bacteria capable of TRANSFORMATION= taking up naked DNA

• (other uses of SHiN:
• 1. Encapsulated= SHiNE SKiS
• 2. IgA proteases= SHiN)

Genes carried by specialized transduction by LYSOGENIC phages (phages incorporating into host)

• Botulinum
• Cholera
• Diphtheria
• Erythrogenic (GAS)

Novobiocin: Saprophyticus resistant, Epidermidis sensitive.

Optochin- Viridans Resistant; Pneumoniae Sensitive

Bacitracin- group B resistant; group A sensitive

GAS= S. pyogenes

• Common clinical diseases of Streptococcus pneumonia:
• Meningitis, Otitis, Pneumonia, Sinusitis

• Jones Critera for Rheumatic Fever:
• Joints
• <3= carditis
• Nodules (subcutaneous)
• Erythema marginatum
• Sydenham's chorea

• Characteristics of C.diphtheriae:
• 1. ADP-ribosylation
• 2. Beta-prophage (encoding toxin)
• 3. Club shaped
• 4. DTaP vaccine
• 5. EF-2 (target of toxin)
• 6. Granules (stain metachromic)

• Fast Lactose fermenters
• Klebsiella, E.coli, Enterobacter

• Lactose fermenters (all):
• Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E.coli, Enterobacter, Serratia

ferment MALTOSE and GLUCOSE

only ferment GLUCOSE

• causes:
• Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis, Pneumonia
• (worst by capsular B type)
• (produces IgA proteases)
• (factors V & X)

• Legionella:
• Silver staining
• Grow on Charcoal with IRON & CYSTEINE

Pneumonia, Sepsis (black lesions), Externa (otitis), Uti, Drugs/ Diabetic Osteomyelitis.

• I=INVASIVE
• dysentery from mucosal invasion, no toxins, similar to shigella.

• T=Traveler's diarrhea
• LT= cAMP, inc efflux
• ST= cGMP, dec absorp

• P=Pediatrics
• no toxins, adherences to surfaces with flattening of villi.

• H=Hemolytic uremic syndrome
• SLT= shiga-like toxin
• O157:H7
• HUS= triad of ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, RENAL FAILURE.
• Dysentery without invasion, non-sorbitol fermenter!

• Aspiration (pneumonia)
• Abscess (necrotizing pneumonia & liver)
• Alcoholics
• diAbetics

Salmonella have flagella, Shigella do NOT.

Campylobacter can grow at 42C

• Spirochetes:
• Borrelia (Big one)(visualized by analine dyes-Giemsa)
• Leptospira
• Treponema (dark field microscopy)

• Lyme disease:
• Facial nerve palsy
• Arthritis
• Cardiac block
• Erythema migrans (ECM)

• False positives of the VDRL syphilis test:
• Viruses
• Drugs
• Rheumatic fever
• Lupus/Leprosy

Gardnerella vaginalis

• -gray d/c, assoc w sexual activity but not an STD, non-painful,
• TX: metronidazole

• Rickettsii on RISTS
• Typhus on TRUNK

• Infections with Palm/Sole rashes:
• Coxsackie A
• Rmsf
• Syphilis (secondary)

No rash, no vector, survives outside host in endospore form.

• 1. Elementary body- Enfectious, Enters by Endocytosis
• 2. Reticulate body- Replicates by fission

• C. trachomatosis
• Africa, Blindness, Chronic

• Histoplasmosis is in the Mississippi River Valley (South)
• Hides in Macrophages
• Hides in Bird/bat droppings

• Blastomycosis is EAST of Mississippi River
• Blasto is a broad budding yeast (size of an RBC)
• Disseminated infection spreading to skin and BONE
• Granulomatous nodules

• Paracoccidiodomycosis
• Latin America
• Very large budding yeast (larger than RBC)

• Malassezia furfur (Tinea Versicolor)
• hypo or hyperpigmented lesions from melanocyte damage
• Hot, humid climates
• TX: Selsun

• Acute Angles (45deg, septate with conidophore)
• Aspergilloma
• ABPA
• invasive Aspergillosis
• Aflatoxins

Treat Sporotrichosis (Rose-gardners disease) with Potassium Iodide.

Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial Calcifications

Treatment for Trypanosoma brucei/gambiense/rhodesiense (Af Sleeping Sickness):

Melarsoprol for CNS

• "Long live the eggs"
• Malarias with hypnozoites: Vivax, Ovale

• Treat worms with Bendazoles:
• Pinworm= Mebendazole
• Ascaris= Albendazole or Pyrantel pamoate
• Strongyloides=Albendazole or ivermectin
• Hookworms= Bendazoles or Pyrantel pamoate

• River Blindness= Onchocera volvulus
• rIVERmectin (rIVER blindness)

• Nematodes infecting by ingestion:
• Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella

• Nematodes infecting by cutaneous:
• Strongyloides
• Ancyclostoma
• Necator

• Live vaccines:
• MMR (mumps, measles, rubella)
• Sabin (polio)
• Yellow Fever
• Chicken pox (VZV)
• Little= Smallpox
• (note: Intravasal Influenza is also live, injected not)

Parvoviridae: the only DNA viruses that are ssDNA

Reoviridae are the only dsRNA viruses

• Positive strand RNA
• Retrovirus, Togavirus, Flavivirus, Coronavirus, HepE, Calicivirus, Picornavirus

• Naked viruses:
• Papilloma, Adeno, Picorna, Polyoma, Calici, Parvo, Reo, HepE

Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papilloma, Polyoma

• Poxviruses.
• Area also the only "complex" capsid DNA virus

• CMV
• AIDS retinitis

• HepB virus
• circular
• has a Reverse Transcriptase (not a retrovirus tho)
• Vax= HbSAg

• Polyomaviruses
• JC= progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
• BK=transplant pt's, commonly kidneys

CMV

• HHV-6
• Roseola

• Tzanck= smear of opened skin vesicles for multinucleated giant cells
• HSV1, HSV2, VZV
• Also have Cowdry A (halo) inclusions

• Picronaviruses:
• Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HepA

Caliciviridae= Norovirus (cruise ship bug)

• Togaviridae:
• Rubella= German measles
• EEE= eastern equine encephalitis
• WEE=western equine encephalitis

• Paramyxoviruses:
• Parainfluenza (croup)
• RSV (Rx with Ribavirin)
• Measles, Mumps

Negative stranded RNA viruses: require viral RNApoly

• segmented RNA viruses
• Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Arenaviridae, Reoviridae

Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivits

• Mumps virus (paramyxovirus)
• Parotitis, Orchitis, Meningitis

Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone (no carriers)

Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carrier

Enteric, Expectant (moms), Epidemic

• Hep A & E
• Naked viruses so not killed in gut

Active viral replication

indicates immunity to HBV, either natural or vaccinated

indicates low transmission potential

indicates infection with HepB

• viral hepatitis
• Alcoholic is reversed (Strong-Liquor)(AST>ALT)

• Antigens: S before E
• Antibodies: antiC, antiE, antiS

• HBeAg
• Ig

• HBsAg, HBeAg
• IgG AntiHBc

• HBsAg,
• IgG Anti-HBc

AntiHBs only

• Flu-like
• Feeling Fine
• Falling Count
• Final Crises

• Histoplasma capsulatum (H/smegaly)
• Toxoplasma (Abscesses, Ring lesions)

Candida (thrush)

• JC virus (PML)
• P.jirovecii pneumonia
• Cryptosporidium (diarrhea)

• Cryptococcus
• CMV (retinitis)
• MAiC (Tuberculous disease)

• Yersinia enterocolitica
• Nontyphoid salmonella
• Cambylobacter jejuni

• Childhood causes of pneumonia:
• RSV
• Mycoplasma
• Chlamydia trachomatis (infants)
• Chlamydia pneumoniae (school age)
• S.pneumo

• Listeria
• (GBS & E.coli cause both)

Ceftriaxone & Vancomycin

• Enterviruses (Coxsackie most comm)
• HSV2 (HSV1 is encephalitis)
• HIV
• WNV
• VZV

• Cryptococcus
• CMV
• Toxoplasmosis(brain abscess)
• JC Virus (PML)

Pseudomonas or Serratia

SALMONELLA.

• S.aureus
• S. epidermidis

MTB (pott's dz)

Hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation

Parvovirus B19

• Toxoplasma gondii
• Rubella
• Cmv
• Hiv/Hsv2
• Syphilis

Classic Triad: Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial calcification

PDA+ Cataracts/deathness+ Bluberry Muffin rash

Recurrent infections, diarrhea

Encephalitis, herpetic lesions

• Often stillbirth
• Hydrops fetalis
• Facial (Hutchison teeth, Saddle nose, short maxilla)
• Saber shins
• CNVIII deafness

• Head to trunk
• Fine
• Postauricular LA

• Preceeded by three C's (Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis)
• Koplik spots
• Head-down

• CROPS
• begins on trunk
• goes to face/extemities

• ROSEOLA
• HIGH fever, then comes rash
• febrile seizures

• Slapped Cheeks (FIFTHS DISEASE)
• Hydrops fetalis in pregnant women

• Scarlet fever
• SANDPAPER
• Fever & Soar throat

• Hand-Foot-Mouth
• Vesicular PALMS & SOLES
• "CARS"-CoxA, RMSF, Syphilis