-
These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color
Treponema, Rickettsia, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia
-
=Bugs that don't gram stain
-
Certain Bugs Can Really Try Patience
Chlamydia, Borriella , Rickettsiae, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium
-
=Giemsa staining bugs. (note: most intracellular)
-
PAS the Sugar
- PAS staining for Tropheryma whipplei
- agent of Whipple's disease (pancreatic)
-
VPN Client
- Medium for Neisserial growth
- Vancomycin, Polymyxins, Nystatin to kill competitors
-
Nagging Pests Must Breath
Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Mycobacteria, Bacillus
-
-
stay inside when it is Really Cold.
- Rickettsia, Chlamydia
- (intracellular)
-
Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY
Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersina
-
Facultative Intracellular bugs
-
SHiNE SKiS
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae B, Neissera meningitidis, E.coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, group B Strep.
-
-
PLACESS for your CATs
Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E.Coli, S.aureus, Serratia
-
-
CHiPUNKSS
Cryptococcus, H.pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S.epidermidis, S.saprophyticus
-
-
SHiN (first half of SHiNE SKiS)
Streptococcus pneumoniae, HiB, Neisseria
-
bacteria with IgA protease (enter mucosal surfaces)
-
Labile in Air, Stable on Ground.
- Toxins of ETEC:
- 1. LT-labile toxin, inc cAMP (increases secretion)
- 2. ST-stable toxin, inc cGMP (decreases absorption)
-
ENDOTOXIN
- Edema
- Nitric oxide
- DIC/death
- O-antigen
- Tnf-a
- Outer membrane
- Xtremely heat stable
- IL-1
- Neutrophil chemotaxis
-
SHiN (again)
Bacteria capable of TRANSFORMATION= taking up naked DNA
-
S.pneumo, Hib, Neisseria
- (other uses of SHiN:
- 1. Encapsulated= SHiNE SKiS
- 2. IgA proteases= SHiN)
-
ABCDE
Genes carried by specialized transduction by LYSOGENIC phages (phages incorporating into host)
-
shigA-like toxin (EHEC)
- Botulinum
- Cholera
- Diphtheria
- Erythrogenic (GAS)
-
STAPH retreat= NO StRES
Novobiocin: Saprophyticus resistant, Epidermidis sensitive.
-
Differentiation of Coagulase (-) Staphylococci
-
OVRPS
Optochin- Viridans Resistant; Pneumoniae Sensitive
-
Differentiation of Alpha-hemolytic strep.
-
B-BRAS
Bacitracin- group B resistant; group A sensitive
-
GBS= S.agalactiae
GAS= S. pyogenes
-
Differentiates B-hemolytic strep
-
MOPS
- Common clinical diseases of Streptococcus pneumonia:
- Meningitis, Otitis, Pneumonia, Sinusitis
-
(Remember: Sepsis in SSA and Asplenics)
-
J<3NES criteria
- Jones Critera for Rheumatic Fever:
- Joints
- <3= carditis
- Nodules (subcutaneous)
- Erythema marginatum
- Sydenham's chorea
-
ABCDEFG
- Characteristics of C.diphtheriae:
- 1. ADP-ribosylation
- 2. Beta-prophage (encoding toxin)
- 3. Club shaped
- 4. DTaP vaccine
- 5. EF-2 (target of toxin)
- 6. Granules (stain metachromic)
-
Lactose is KEE
- Fast Lactose fermenters
- Klebsiella, E.coli, Enterobacter
-
macConKEE'S
- Lactose fermenters (all):
- Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E.coli, Enterobacter, Serratia
-
MeninGococci
ferment MALTOSE and GLUCOSE
-
Gonococci
only ferment GLUCOSE
-
haEMOPhilus
- causes:
- Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis, Pneumonia
- (worst by capsular B type)
- (produces IgA proteases)
- (factors V & X)
-
french Legionnaire in a Silver helmet sitting around a Charcoal fire with an Iron dagger--no Sissy.
- Legionella:
- Silver staining
- Grow on Charcoal with IRON & CYSTEINE
-
PSEUDOmonas
Pneumonia, Sepsis (black lesions), Externa (otitis), Uti, Drugs/ Diabetic Osteomyelitis.
-
also: hot tub folliculitis, Ox+, Aerobic, grape odor, Exotoxin A (EF-2), Pyocyanin
-
E.I.E.C
- I=INVASIVE
- dysentery from mucosal invasion, no toxins, similar to shigella.
-
E.T.E.C.
- T=Traveler's diarrhea
- LT= cAMP, inc efflux
- ST= cGMP, dec absorp
-
E.P.E.C.
- P=Pediatrics
- no toxins, adherences to surfaces with flattening of villi.
-
E.H.E.C.
- H=Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- SLT= shiga-like toxin
- O157:H7
- HUS= triad of ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, RENAL FAILURE.
- Dysentery without invasion, non-sorbitol fermenter!
-
4A's of Klebsiella
- Aspiration (pneumonia)
- Abscess (necrotizing pneumonia & liver)
- Alcoholics
- diAbetics
-
Red currant jelly, nosocomial UTIs
-
Salmon swim.
Salmonella have flagella, Shigella do NOT.
-
CAMPfire.
Campylobacter can grow at 42C
-
Big BLT
- Spirochetes:
- Borrelia (Big one)(visualized by analine dyes-Giemsa)
- Leptospira
- Treponema (dark field microscopy)
-
Lyme FACE
- Lyme disease:
- Facial nerve palsy
- Arthritis
- Cardiac block
- Erythema migrans (ECM)
-
VDRL
- False positives of the VDRL syphilis test:
- Viruses
- Drugs
- Rheumatic fever
- Lupus/Leprosy
-
I don't have a Clue why i smell Fish in the Vagina Garden.
Gardnerella vaginalis
-
Clue cells, Fishy smell
- -gray d/c, assoc w sexual activity but not an STD, non-painful,
- TX: metronidazole
-
RR-TT
- Rickettsii on RISTS
- Typhus on TRUNK
-
You drive your CARS with Palms and Soles
- Infections with Palm/Sole rashes:
- Coxsackie A
- Rmsf
- Syphilis (secondary)
-
Q fever is Queer
No rash, no vector, survives outside host in endospore form.
-
Chlamydial life cycle mnemonic
- 1. Elementary body- Enfectious, Enters by Endocytosis
- 2. Reticulate body- Replicates by fission
-
ABC's of Chlamydia
- C. trachomatosis
- Africa, Blindness, Chronic
-
=follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
-
Histo Hides in Houston
- Histoplasmosis is in the Mississippi River Valley (South)
- Hides in Macrophages
- Hides in Bird/bat droppings
-
Blasto Buds Broadly in Bone in Boston
- Blastomycosis is EAST of Mississippi River
- Blasto is a broad budding yeast (size of an RBC)
- Disseminated infection spreading to skin and BONE
- Granulomatous nodules
-
Captain's Wheel
- Paracoccidiodomycosis
- Latin America
- Very large budding yeast (larger than RBC)
-
Spaghetti and Meatballs
- Malassezia furfur (Tinea Versicolor)
- hypo or hyperpigmented lesions from melanocyte damage
- Hot, humid climates
- TX: Selsun
-
A's of Aspergillus
- Acute Angles (45deg, septate with conidophore)
- Aspergilloma
- ABPA
- invasive Aspergillosis
- Aflatoxins
-
plant Roses in Pots.
Treat Sporotrichosis (Rose-gardners disease) with Potassium Iodide.
-
Classic Triad of Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial Calcifications
-
MEAT is most common transmission, NOT cats.
-
"it SURe is nice to go to sleep, MELAtonin helps with sleep"
Treatment for Trypanosoma brucei/gambiense/rhodesiense (Af Sleeping Sickness):
-
Suramin for blood bourne
Melarsoprol for CNS
-
Vivá Ovas!
- "Long live the eggs"
- Malarias with hypnozoites: Vivax, Ovale
-
Bendy Worms.
- Treat worms with Bendazoles:
- Pinworm= Mebendazole
- Ascaris= Albendazole or Pyrantel pamoate
- Strongyloides=Albendazole or ivermectin
- Hookworms= Bendazoles or Pyrantel pamoate
-
Black flies, Black skin nodules, Black sight
- River Blindness= Onchocera volvulus
- rIVERmectin (rIVER blindness)
-
EAT
- Nematodes infecting by ingestion:
- Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella
-
SANd
- Nematodes infecting by cutaneous:
- Strongyloides
- Ancyclostoma
- Necator
-
'MeMbeR, Saban can Yell but he's really a Little Chicken.
- Live vaccines:
- MMR (mumps, measles, rubella)
- Sabin (polio)
- Yellow Fever
- Chicken pox (VZV)
- Little= Smallpox
- (note: Intravasal Influenza is also live, injected not)
-
Part-of-a-virus
Parvoviridae: the only DNA viruses that are ssDNA
-
Repeat-O-Virus
Reoviridae are the only dsRNA viruses
-
Retro Toga party drinking FLAVored CORONA and ate HIPPY CALI PICO.
- Positive strand RNA
- Retrovirus, Togavirus, Flavivirus, Coronavirus, HepE, Calicivirus, Picornavirus
-
give PAPP smears and CPR to naked HIPPIES
- Naked viruses:
- Papilloma, Adeno, Picorna, Polyoma, Calici, Parvo, Reo, HepE
-
HHAPPPPY viruses
Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papilloma, Polyoma
-
(all dsDNA except PARVOVIRUS)
-
Which DNA virus carries its own DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase and therefore replicates in CYTOPLASM?
- Poxviruses.
- Area also the only "complex" capsid DNA virus
-
-
hepaDNAvirus
- HepB virus
- circular
- has a Reverse Transcriptase (not a retrovirus tho)
- Vax= HbSAg
-
Junky Cerebrum, Bad Kidneys
- Polyomaviruses
- JC= progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV
- BK=transplant pt's, commonly kidneys
-
-
High fevers and seizures in Kids
-
Tzanck heavens I don't have herpes
- Tzanck= smear of opened skin vesicles for multinucleated giant cells
- HSV1, HSV2, VZV
- Also have Cowdry A (halo) inclusions
-
PERCH on a Peak
- Picronaviruses:
- Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HepA
-
California Cruise.
Caliciviridae= Norovirus (cruise ship bug)
-
Toga wearing German riding East to West on a Horse.
- Togaviridae:
- Rubella= German measles
- EEE= eastern equine encephalitis
- WEE=western equine encephalitis
-
PM&R
- Paramyxoviruses:
- Parainfluenza (croup)
- RSV (Rx with Ribavirin)
- Measles, Mumps
-
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Negative stranded RNA viruses: require viral RNApoly
-
Arena, Bunya, Paramyxo, Orthomyxo, Filoviruses, Rhabdo
-
BOAR
- segmented RNA viruses
- Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Arenaviridae, Reoviridae
-
3 C's of Measles
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivits
-
(Koplik spots, descending rash, SSPE, Giant Cell Pneumonia)
-
POM-POMs
- Mumps virus (paramyxovirus)
- Parotitis, Orchitis, Meningitis
-
-
"Irrational fear of Water"
-
Three A's of HepA
Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone (no carriers)
-
Four C's of HepC
Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carrier
-
Three E's of HepE
Enteric, Expectant (moms), Epidemic
-
Vowels hit the Bowels
- Hep A & E
- Naked viruses so not killed in gut
-
HBeAg
Active viral replication
-
Anti-HBs
indicates immunity to HBV, either natural or vaccinated
-
Anti-HBe
indicates low transmission potential
-
HBsAg
indicates infection with HepB
-
ALT>AST
- viral hepatitis
- Alcoholic is reversed (Strong-Liquor)(AST>ALT)
-
SE-CES
- Antigens: S before E
- Antibodies: antiC, antiE, antiS
-
-
Chronic HBV, highly infective
-
Chronic HBV, low infectivity
-
Immunized for HepB
AntiHBs only
-
Four Stages of HIV Infection
- Flu-like
- Feeling Fine
- Falling Count
- Final Crises
-
CD4<100
- Histoplasma capsulatum (H/smegaly)
- Toxoplasma (Abscesses, Ring lesions)
-
-
CD4<200
- JC virus (PML)
- P.jirovecii pneumonia
- Cryptosporidium (diarrhea)
-
CD4<50
- Cryptococcus
- CMV (retinitis)
- MAiC (Tuberculous disease)
-
Bugs that mimic appendicitis
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Nontyphoid salmonella
- Cambylobacter jejuni
-
Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum
- Childhood causes of pneumonia:
- RSV
- Mycoplasma
- Chlamydia trachomatis (infants)
- Chlamydia pneumoniae (school age)
- S.pneumo
-
What bug is a neonatal cause of meningitis but NOT pneumonia?
- Listeria
- (GBS & E.coli cause both)
-
What two antbx do you give empirically for suspected meningitis?
Ceftriaxone & Vancomycin
-
Viral causes of meningitis
- Enterviruses (Coxsackie most comm)
- HSV2 (HSV1 is encephalitis)
- HIV
- WNV
- VZV
-
HIV meningitis
- Cryptococcus
- CMV
- Toxoplasmosis(brain abscess)
- JC Virus (PML)
-
Diabetic osteomyelitis
Pseudomonas or Serratia
-
Sickle Cell Anemia + Osteomyelitis
SALMONELLA.
-
Prosthetic & Osteomyelitis
-
Vertebral disease & Osteomyelitis
MTB (pott's dz)
-
Nonspecific ToRCHeS signs
Hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation
-
Hydrops fetalis virus
Parvovirus B19
-
ToRCHeS
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Rubella
- Cmv
- Hiv/Hsv2
- Syphilis
-
Congenital T.gondii
Classic Triad: Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial calcification
-
Congenital Rubella
PDA+ Cataracts/deathness+ Bluberry Muffin rash
-
Congenital HIV
Recurrent infections, diarrhea
-
Congenital HSV2
Encephalitis, herpetic lesions
-
Congenital syphilis
- Often stillbirth
- Hydrops fetalis
- Facial (Hutchison teeth, Saddle nose, short maxilla)
- Saber shins
- CNVIII deafness
-
Rubella rash
- Head to trunk
- Fine
- Postauricular LA
-
Measles rash
- Preceeded by three C's (Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis)
- Koplik spots
- Head-down
-
VZV rash
- CROPS
- begins on trunk
- goes to face/extemities
-
HHV-6
- ROSEOLA
- HIGH fever, then comes rash
- febrile seizures
-
Parvovirus B19
- Slapped Cheeks (FIFTHS DISEASE)
- Hydrops fetalis in pregnant women
-
Strep pyogenes rash
- Scarlet fever
- SANDPAPER
- Fever & Soar throat
-
Coxsackie A
- Hand-Foot-Mouth
- Vesicular PALMS & SOLES
- "CARS"-CoxA, RMSF, Syphilis
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