Blood

is a connective tissue, consisting of cells and cell fragments surrounded by a liquid matrix

include red blood cells, white blood cells (cells), and platelets (cell fragments)

is a pale yellow fluid that consist of about 91% water, 7% proteins and 2% other substances (ions, nutrients, gases, and waste)

• 1. Albumin
• 2. Globulins
• 3. Fibrinogen

makes up 58% of plasma proteins and is responsible for the control of osmotic pressure

makes up 38% of plasma proteins and function in transport, immunity and blood clotting

is a clotting factor that constitutes 4% of plasma proteins

a threadlike protein that forms blood clots; derived from fibrogen by the action fo thromin, which releases peptides form fibrinogen in coagulation of blood

is plasma without clotting factors

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

five types; which are involved in immunity

are tiny cell fragments surrounded by a plasma membrane and contains granules; releases chemical necessary for blood clotting

the process of blood cell production

main component of red blood cell, protein, consist of 4 heme and 4 globin molecules

protein portion of hemoglobin, bound to heme, transport carbon dioxide

oxygen carrying, color-furnishing part of hemoglobin; requires iron

the process by which RBC are produced

about 4 days

stem cells which gives rise to RBC line

protein released by the kidneys that enhances erythopoesis by stimulatng the formation proerythroblast and the release of reticulocytes from bone marrow

• to protect the body against invading microorganisms
• to remove dead cells and debris from the tissues by phagocytosis

• WBC containig large cytoplasmic granules
• includes:
• Neutrophils
• Basophils
• Eosinophils

• WBCs with very small granules that cannot be easily seen with the light microscope
• includes:
• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes

the most common type of WBC; phagocytize microorganisms and other foreign substance; secrete lysozymes and pus

is an accumulation of dead neutrophils, cell debris, and fluid at sites of infections

least common of WBCs; release histamine ad other chemicals that promote inflammation and heparin which prevents the formation of clots

release chemicals that reduce inflammation and are involved with the destructi of certain worm parasites

are the smallest of the WBCs; produce antibodies and other chemicals responsible for destroying microorganisms; contributes to allergic reactions, graft rejection, tumor control, and regulation of the immune system

are the largest of the WBCs; phagocytic cell in the blood; leaves the blood and becomes a macrophage which phagocytizes bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments, and other debris within tissues

a large bone marrow cell; source of blood platelets

• Platelet plugs
• Blood clots

the main bile pigment; a yellow pigment molecule; after it enters the intestine, is converted by bacteria into other pigments, giving urine and feces their color

is a yellowish staining of te skin and sclerae caused by a buildup of ble pigments in the circulation and interstitial fluids

is an immeiat but temporary constriction of a blood vessel resulting from contraction of smooth muscle within the wall of the vessel in response to injury, resulting in decrease blood flow

is an accumulation of platelets that can seal up a small break in a blood vessel

results in platelets sticking to collagen exposed by blood vessel damage

is a protein produced and secreted by blood vessel endothelials cells, forms a bridge between collagen and platelets by binding to platelet surface receptors and collagen

platelet release chemicals such as, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thromboxane, which bind to thee respective receptors on ther surfaces of platelets resulting in the activation of platelets

is the transfer of blood or blood components from one individual to another

is the introduction of a fluid other than blood into the blood

includes the clumping of blood cells, repture of blood cells an clotting within the blood vessels

clumping of the cells

rupture of the RBCs

has type A surface antigens and plasma with anti-B antibodies

has type B surface antigens and plasma with anti-A antibodies

has both type A and B surface antigens and no antibodies

has neither A or B type surface antigens, but both Anti-A and anti-B plasma antibodies

Type O Blood