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Two types of cells
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
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What do all cells contain?
- DNA
- Ribosomes
- plasma membrane
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Prokaryotic cells
- •DNA (chromosome) NOT in membrane
- bound nucleus
•2 domains (types)
–Bacteria
–Archaea
•Small compared to eukaryotic cells
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•DNA (chromosome) NOT in membrane bound nucleus
•2 domains (types)–Bacteria–Archaea
•Small compared to eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cell
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Nucleoid region
contains DNA / Chromosomes
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Plasmids
small circular DNA Molecules
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Cell wall
Tough outer coating
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Flagellum
motility (allows for movement)
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Prokaryotic cell structure
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Eukaryotic Cell
•DNA in membrane bound nucleus
•Larger than prokaryotic cells
•Contain specialized membrane bound organelles
•Types: animal, plant, fungus, protist
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•DNA in membrane bound nucleus
•Larger than other cell type
•Contain specialized membrane bound organelles
•Types: animal, plant, fungus, protist
Eukaryotic cell
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Located in center of cell and contains DNA
Nucleus
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Nuclear Envelope
double membrane surrounding nucleus
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double
membrane surrounding nucleus
Nuclear envelope
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Nucleolus
Located in nucleus
•site of ribosome assembly
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•site of ribosome assembly
located in nucleus
Nucleolus
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Two domains of prokaryotic cells
- Bacteria
- Archaea (most live in extreme conditions)
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Bacteria, Archaea
Two domains of prokaryotic cells
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Rough endoplasmic Reticulum
- makes membrane proteins and
- secreted proteins (ie hormones)
- Rough because of ribosomes
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makes membrane proteins and secreted proteins (ie hormones) Rough because of ribosomes.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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Ribosomes
A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells.
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A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. Also what makes rough endoplasmic reticulum rough.
Ribosomes
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Makes phospholipids and fatty acids There are no ribosomes present making it smoother.
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Makes phospholipids and fatty acids
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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What is the difference between Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulums?
Smooth doesn't contain ribosomes and makes fatty acids and phospholipds. Rough makes proteins and has ribosomes.
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Golgi Apparatus
- •processing and sorting of membrane
- proteins and secreted proteins.
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•processing and sorting of membrane
proteins and secreted proteins
Golgi Apparatus
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Cisternae
- •stacked flat membranous sacs
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•stacked flat membranous sacs
Cisternae
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Vesicles
- small membrane bound structures
- used for transport
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small membrane bound structures
used for transport
Vesicles
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Lysosome
- •degradation of proteins,
- carbohydrates, fats, and “old” organelles
- •Contains digestive
- enzymes
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• conducts degradation of proteins,carbohydrates, fats, and “old” organelles•Contains digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
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–water
and/or ion storage
–degradation
of molecules
•Most obvious in plants
VACUOLE
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Mitochondrion
- •ATP (energy) production
- •2 membranes: inner and outer
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Cristae
- •: folds of the inner membrane
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Matrix:
- •solution inside the cristae
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Chloroplast
- Found only in plants. Does photsynthesis (Sugar production)
- has 2 membranes
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Parts found in chloroplast
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Thylakoids
Membrane bound vesicles containing chlorophyll.
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Granum
- Stack of thylakoids
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Stroma
- Fluid outside of thylakoids
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Cytoskeleton
- Provides cell shape and structure
- Allows for cell movement
- transports organelles, vesicles, other junk, within the cell
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3 types of cytoskeleton
Microfilaments =actin filaments
Intermediate filaments
- Microtubules
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Provides cell shape and structureAllows for cell movementtransports organelles, vesicles, other junk, within the cell
Cytoskeleton
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Molecular Motors
- •movement in combination with cytoskeleton
- EXAMPLE:
- –dynein + microtubules in sperm tail and respiratory cilia
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Cilia / flagella
- hair like projections on the cell surface
- they move the cell or move fluids across the cell surface. (driven by microtubules and motors)
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hair like projections on the cell surface that move the cell or fluids across the cell.
Flagella / cilia
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Cell wall
Serves as a protective layer and and provides cell shape. Only found in plants.
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Serves as a protective layer and and provides cell shape. Only found in plants.
Cell wall
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