1. Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?
a. Algae.
b. Bacterium
c. Protozoan
d. Mushroom
Mushroom
An area of microbiology that is concerned with the occurrence of disease in human populations is
epidemiology
Which process involves the deliberate alteration of an organism’s genetic material?
recombinant DNA
A prominent difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the
presence of a nucleus in eukaryotes
5. Which of the following parts was absent from Leeuwenhoek’s microscopes?
Condenser
Abiogenesis refers to
Spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter
7. A hypothesis can be defined as
A scientific explanation that is subject to testing
Which early microbiologist was most responsible for developing standard microbiology laboratory techniques?
Robert Koch
Which scientist is most responsible for finally laying the theory of spontaneous generation to rest?
Louis Pasteur
Define a theory
hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by long-term study and data
What is the order of taxonomic categories?
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class order, family, genus, species
By definition, organisms in the same _________ are more closely related than those who are in the same __________.
C. class, phylum
13. Which of the following are prokaryotic?
D. Both A and B
14. Order the following items by size using number: 1=smallest and 8=largest.
3 AIDS
7 Amoeba
4 Rickettsia
2 Protein
8 Worm
5 Coccus-shaped bacterium
6 White Blood cell
1 Atom
Atom
Protein
AIDS
Rickettsia
Coccus bacterium
White blood cell
Amoeba
Worm
15. Which of the following is not an emerging infectious disease?
a. Avian influenza
b. Sars
c. Common cold
d. AIDS
C Common Cold
16 How would you classify a virus?
C. Neither
1. Which structure is not a component of all cells?
a. Cell wall
b. Cell membrane
c. Genetic material
d. Ribosomes
A Cell wall
2. Viruses are not considered living things because
They are not cells, cannot reproduce, lack metabolism
3. Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells?
D. Actin cytoskeleton
4. The major locomotor structures in bacteria are
Flagella
5. Pilli are tubular shafts in _____ bacteria that serve as a means of ______.
D. Gram-negative, genetic exchange
6. An example of glycocalyx is
A. Capsule
Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell wall function?
Support
8. Which of the following is present in both gram-positive
and gram-negative cell walls?
a. An outer membrane
b. Peptidoglycan
c. Teichhoic acid
d. Lipopolysaccharides
b. Peptidoglycan
Bacterial endospores function in
survival
An arrangement in packets of eight cells is described as a
Sarcina
15. Which stain is used to distinguish differences between the cell walls of medically important bacteria?
Gram stain
First living cells were
archae
1. Both flagella and cilia are found in
B. Protozoa
Features of nuclear envelope include
D. B and C
What is embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Ribosomes
5. Yeasts are _____ fungi, and molds are _____ fungi.
Unicellular, filamentous
In general fungi derive nutrients through
D) Digesting organic substrates
9. Which characteristic(s) is/are not typical of protozoan cells?
A. Sproe
The protozoan trophozite is which stage?
Active feeding stage
A nutrient essential to an organisms metabolism that cannot be synthesized itself is
Growth Factor
An organism that can syntehsize all its required organic components from CO2 is a
B. Photoautotroph
Halophiles like
salt
Chemoautotrophs can survive on ___ alone
Minerals and CO2
6. Which of the following is true for all organic organisms?a. They require organic nutrients They require inorganic nutrients They require growth factors They require oxygen gas
The require inorganic nutrients
A pathogen would most accurately be described as a
Parasite
A cell exposed to a hypertonic environment will ____ by osmosis.
D. Lose water
In a viable plant count, each ______ represents a _______ from the sample population
colony, cell
_______ is another term for biosynthesis.
Anabolism
Catabolism is a form of metabolism in which _____ molecules are converted into ____ molecules.
Large, small
Energy in biological systems generally are
chemical
Most oxidation reactions involve
removal of electrons and hydrogens
What does an microbial agent do
Destroys microorganisms
What is a process that destroys the non-spore forming contaminants on objects is
disinfection
High temperatures ___ and low temperatures___
Kills cells, inhibit cell growth
The temperature-pressure combination for an autoclave is
b. 121oC and 15 psi
1. A compound synthesized by bacteria or fungi that destroys or inhibits the growth of other microbes is
antiobiotic
3. Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired through
Transduction
What is a plasmid?
RNA that is not essential to cell growth that can send adaptations to other bacteria
Are protistas prokaryotic?
No!
Whats the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Both cell types have many, many ribosomes, but the ribosomes of the eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than those of the prokaryotic cell. Ribosomes are made out of a special class of RNA molecules (ribosomal RNA, or rRNA) and a specific collection of different proteins. A eukaryotic ribosome is composed of five kinds of rRNA and about eighty kinds of proteins. Prokaryotic ribosomes are composed of only three kinds of rRNA and about fifty kinds of protein
