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Describe "tissues"
- Groups of similar cells with identical functions
- 4 types
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What are the 4 types of tissue?
- epithelial
- connective
- nervous
- muscle
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Where is epithelial tissue found? Are they secretory?
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What are the 3 types of epithelial tissues?
- Exocrine glands
- endocrine glands
- epithelial linings
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Describe exocrine and endocrine glands
-Give examples
-Are they ducted or ductless?
Exocrine glands--ducted; ex. sweat, salivary, liver, pancreas
- Endocrine glands--ductless; ex. hormones
- -uses bloodstream for delivery
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Describe epithelial linings
- line outer and inner surfaces
- thin and weak
- underlain by basement membrane (connective tissue)
- no vessels or nerves
- Ex. Epidermis (skin)
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Epithelial lining is categorized by 2 things:
-What are those 2 things?
-what is the criteria for each of those categories?
- # of cell layers
- -simple: 1 layer
- -stratified: >1 layer
- -pseudostratified: simple, but appears stratified
- --always columnar, usually ciliated
- Cell shape:
- -squamous
- -cuboidal
- -columnar
- -variable
- --Ex. transitional epithelial or urinary bladder
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Where do you find these types of epithelial cells?
-Simple squamous
-Simple columnar
-Simple Cuboidal
-Stratified squamous
- Simple squamous--capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli
- Simple columnar--most organs of the digestive tract (ex. stomach, small & large intestine)
- Simple cuboidal--surface of ovaries, lining of nephrons, parts of the eye and thyroid
- Stratified squamous--outermost layer of skin, inner lining of mouth, esophagus and vagina
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Describe connective tissue:
-where is it found?
-what does it do?
-define
- All over body
- mostly binds and supports
- A few living cells in a matrix (surrounding environment)
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The matrix is composed of 2 things:
- protein fibers
- ground substance
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What protein fibers are in the matrix?
-Describe each
- Collagen--white fibers, unbranched, tough
- Elastin--yellow, branched, & elastic
- Reticulin--black, branched, tough
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what are examples of ground substance in the matrix?
- bone
- cartilage
- fat
- blood (WBC's and plasma)
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What are the 7 types of connective tissue?
- areolar
- adipose
- reticular
- dense fibrous
- cartilage
- osseous
- hemopoietic
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Describe areolar connective tissue
- loose fibers in a soft gel
- "packing material"
- lines major vessels & nerves--supports them during articulation
- 2nd line of defense against infection
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Explain how areolar connective tissue is the second line of defense against infection
- underlies the skin (first line of defense)
- full of macrophages--activated when infection arrives and seeks bacteria
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Describe adipose connective tissue
-what 3 things make up this cell?
- Fat cell
- consists of adipocytes in loose fibers
- larger than other cells
- composed of cytoplasm, nucleus, and fat vacuole
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Describe reticular connective tissue
- supports parenchyma (soft tissue)
- stroma--dense fibrous support composed of reticulin for soft organs (liver, spleen)
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What are the 3 types of dense fibrous connective tissue?
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What are examples of elastic dense F.C.T?
- mostly elastin
- Ex. lungs, arteriole walls
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Explain regular dense F.C.T
- Mostly collagen (unbranched)
- fibers are parallel
- Ex. tendons and ligaments
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Explain irregular dense F.C.T
- mostly collagen (unbranched)
- fibers are randomly arranged
- Ex. pericardium (fat around heart), dura mater, heart valves, and sclera (whites of eyes)
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What are the 3 types of cartilage?
- hyaline cartilage
- fibrocartilage
- elastic cartilage
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