Digestion

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Define Digestion

breaking down large molecules into simpler, smaller chemical compounds to be able to use in cells
4 methods of digestion
- mechanical
- chemical
- enzymatic
- microbial
What is mechanical digestion

the physical breakdown of food to create more surface area
what is chemical digestion

chemical breakdown of food that uses acids
what is enzymatic digestion

catalyze the breakdown of food by using enzymes that the animal has produced on its own
what is microbial digestion?

a symbiosis process where microorganisms break down food
the basic steps of digestion
- Prehension
- Mastication
- Salivation
- Deglutition
- The Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
What is prehension?
- seizing and conveying of food
- actually getting the food into the mouth
What is Mastication?

chewing the food
What is salivation?

secreting saliva to mix with the food stuffs
Types of salivary glands:
- parotid
- submaxillary
- sublingual
What is the composition of saliva?
- Water
- mucin- slime layer to help protect cells
- Electrolytes
- Digestive Enzymes
What are the functions of saliva?
- lubrication
- solvent
- cleans oral cavity
- serves as a buffer to even out pH level
- Helps recycle nitrogen through urea
What is deglutition?

swallowing
What is the cardiac sphincter?

distal end of esophagus that keeps food content in the stomach
What are the functions of the stomach?
- storage
- mechanical breakdown
- chemical digestion
What are the true stomachs in animals?
- nonruminant-stomach
- ruminant-abomasum
- avian-proventriculus
What are the regions of the gastric stomach?
- Cardiac
- Peptic (Fundic)
- esophageal
- pyloric
What is the cardiac?

region of the stomach that produces mucin to help protect stomach from being digested
What does the fundic do?
- body chief or peptic cells for pH levels
- has parietal or oxyntic cells (HCl)
- has mucous neck cells
What does the esophageal do?
- Nothing
- area where food comes into stomach
What does the pyloric do?

raises the pH before particles leave stomach
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
What role does the small intestine play in digestion?

secretion, digestion and absorption of almost all nutrients
What role does the large intestine play in digestion?

Mainly absorption of water and volatile fatty acids

Author:	llwelp
ID:	197009
Card Set:	Digestion
Updated:	2013-02-01 01:59:57
Tags:	Nutrition
Folders:
Description:	the digestion in animals
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