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Define race.
An ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis.
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True/False: Race is based on scientific classification of genes. If false, why?
False. Race is based on presumed contrasts between peoples.
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Genetic evidence indicates that most physical variation lies (~94%) lies _______ racial groups rather than ______ them.
within; between
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What are eugenics?
The hereditary improvement of the human race through selective breeding.
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What were some of the methods used to "improve" the human race? (6 methods)
- Sterilization
- Abortion
- Selective breeding
- Marriage restrictions
- Segregation
- Genocide
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Brazil's Whitening of Race
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How did Brazil attempt to change the racial makeup of their country?
Through immigration.
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They saw ______ as the way to civilization, progress, and superiority, and ________/________ as lazy, inferior barbarians.
Europeans; Africans/Asians
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What is miscegenation?
Interbreeding.
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True/False: There was a belief that weaker races, such as Africans, would vanish if their through miscegenation of their blood with white blood. If false, why?
True.
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What does the term social race imply?
That race is a soci-cultural construction due to the lack of biological basis for classification of humans into differing races.
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Social race differs according to what 3 conditions in different countries?
- Historical
- Demographic
- Cultural
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What is a phenotype?
The color of one's skin.
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The act of the child of parents from different races being assigned to a minority racial group is known as _______.
hypodescent
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Racial Caste System vs. Racial Class System
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In a racial ______, one's race cannot change in one's lifetimes, while in a racial ____ system a change in education, status, or wealth can lead to a change in one's _____.
caste; class; class
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Define ethnicity.
Affiliation with a certain ethnic group and exclusion from other ethnic groups because of this affiliation.
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An _____ ______ has shared beliefs, values, habits, customs and norms because of a common background.
ethnic group
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What is the biggest difference between the ethnic composition in 2000 and that projected for 2050?
The minority will be the majority.
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What is the most ethnically diverse city in the United States?
Los Angeles
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What percentage of LA's population are monolingual English speakers?
42%
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Groups with autonomous political status (e.g. their own countries) are known as ______.
nationalities
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Dispersed populations that have spread into other areas of the world from a common central homeland are ______.
diasporas
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What is assimilation?
When minority groups adopt the patterns and norms of a dominant culture.
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What is a plural society?
A society combining ethnic contrasts, ecological specialization (use of different environmental resources, and economic interdependence of these groups.
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True/False: Plural societies have ethnic groups who assimilate due to close contact. If false, why?
False. These groups live peacefully in close contact, but do not assimilate.
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When is this most successful?
If different ethnicities do not compete economically.
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What is multiculturalism?
Acceptance of cultural diversity within a country.
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True/False: Citizens of the nation are socialized into dominant (national) cultural practices and also minority (ethnic) cultural practices. If false, why?
True.
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Devaluing a group because of assumed differences in behavior, capabilities, or attribute is known as ______.
prejudice
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What are stereotypes?
Fixed ideas (often negative) about what members of a group are like.
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_________ takes form in policies and practices that harm a particular group and its members.
Discrimination
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De ______ means part of the law, while de _____ means practiced, but not legally.
jure; facto
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What is ethnic expulsion?
Forcibly removing specific cultural groups from a country because they are different from a dominant group.
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Those who are forced to or are voluntarily feeling a country or region are known as ________.
refugees
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