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Capsule
A dense, well-defined polysaccharide or protein layer closely surrounding a cell.
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Chemotaxis
Movement toward or away from a chemical.
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Dipicolinic acid
A substance unique to endospores that confers heat resistance on these structures.
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Endospore
- A differentiated cell formed within the cells of certain gram-positive
- bacteria that is extremely resistant to heat as well as to other harmful
- agents.
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Flagellum
- A thin, filamentous organ of motility in prokaryotes that functions by
- rotating. In motile eukaryotes, the flagellum, if present, moves by a
- whiplike motion.
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Gas Vesicles
A gas-filled structure made of protein; confers buoyancy on a cell when present in the cytoplasm in large numbers.
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Complex lipid structure containing unusual sugars and fatty acids found in most gram-negative Bacteria and constituting the chemical structure of the outer membrane.
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Magnetosome
A small particle of Fe3O4 present in cells that exhibit magnetotaxis (magnetic bacteria).
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Morphology
The shape of an organism.
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Outer membrane
A phospholipid- and polysaccharide-containing unit membrane that lies external to the peptidoglycan layer in cells of gram-negative Bacteria.
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Peptidoglycan
The rigid layer of the cell walls of Bacteria, a thin sheet composed of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, and a few amino acids.
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Periplasm
The area between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane in gram-negative Bacteria.
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Peritrichous flagellation
In flagellar arrangements, having flagella attached to many places on the cell surface.
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Phototaxis
Movement of a cell toward light.
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Pilus (plural, pili)
A fimbria-like structure that is present on fertile cells, both Hfr and F+, and is involved in DNA transfer during conjugation. Sometimes called a sex pilus. See also fimbria.
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Polar flagellation
In flagellar arrangements, having flagella attached at one end or both ends of the cell.
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Poly-B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)
A common storage material of prokaryotic cells consisting of a polymer of B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) or other B-alkanoic acids (PHA).
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Protoplast
A cell from which the wall has been removed.
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Sterols
Hydrophobic multiringed structures that strengthen the cytoplasmic membrane of eukaryotic cells and a few prokaryotes.
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Teichoic acid
A phosphorylated polyalcohol found in the cell wall of some gram-positive Bacteria.
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