Micro Chapter 3 Vocabulary

A dense, well-defined polysaccharide or protein layer closely surrounding a cell.

Movement toward or away from a chemical.

A substance unique to endospores that confers heat resistance on these structures.

• A differentiated cell formed within the cells of certain gram-positive
• bacteria that is extremely resistant to heat as well as to other harmful
• agents.

• A thin, filamentous organ of motility in prokaryotes that functions by
• rotating. In motile eukaryotes, the flagellum, if present, moves by a
• whiplike motion.

A gas-filled structure made of protein; confers buoyancy on a cell when present in the cytoplasm in large numbers.

Complex lipid structure containing unusual sugars and fatty acids found in most gram-negative Bacteria and constituting the chemical structure of the outer membrane.

A small particle of Fe3O4 present in cells that exhibit magnetotaxis (magnetic bacteria).

The shape of an organism.

A phospholipid- and polysaccharide-containing unit membrane that lies external to the peptidoglycan layer in cells of gram-negative Bacteria.

The rigid layer of the cell walls of Bacteria, a thin sheet composed of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, and a few amino acids.

The area between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane in gram-negative Bacteria.

In flagellar arrangements, having flagella attached to many places on the cell surface.

Movement of a cell toward light.

A fimbria-like structure that is present on fertile cells, both Hfr and F⁺, and is involved in DNA transfer during conjugation. Sometimes called a sex pilus. See also fimbria.

In flagellar arrangements, having flagella attached at one end or both ends of the cell.

A common storage material of prokaryotic cells consisting of a polymer of B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) or other B-alkanoic acids (PHA).

A cell from which the wall has been removed.

Hydrophobic multiringed structures that strengthen the cytoplasmic membrane of eukaryotic cells and a few prokaryotes.

A phosphorylated polyalcohol found in the cell wall of some gram-positive Bacteria.