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Invertebrate Digestion:
FIrst true extracellular digestion occurs in ___
nematoda
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More advanced invertebrates have other less advanced digestive tracts.
True or False
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Classes of vertebrates
- fish (pisces)
- amph.
- rept.
- birds
- mammals
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Characteristics of advanced digestion
- a. One way flow
- i. Two openings
- 1. In one end; out the other
- b. Digestion coupled with absorption
- i. Digestive products get absorbed into the body
- 1. It has to be absorbed through the tract to go to the rest of the body
- a. If it remains inside the canal, the body doesn’t get it
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Wall of digestive tract layers from inside to outside
- tunica...
- - mucosa
- - submucosa
- - muscularis
- - adventitia (or serosa in some areas)
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Explain the tunica mucosa:
type of membrane
lines what
what tissue
- 1. mucous membrane
- a. lines cavities that open to the exterior
- i. epithelial tissue lines the lumen
- ii. In humans, its simple columnar epithelim
- iii. Goblet cells produce the mucus
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tunica mucosa function
- 1. Glandular layer
- a. Produces and secretes the digestive juices
- 2. Since it’s a mucous membrane, its protective in nature
- a. Protects it from being digested itself
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tunica submucosa
general description
i. A connective tissue layer that contains BV, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
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tunica submucosa
function of vessels
- 1. Vessels are there to get the absorbed materials and transport them
- a. Pick up the nutrients that were absorbed through the wall of the tract and transport them to the body
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tunica submucosa
Nerve function
- 1. Nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system
- a. Two divisions
- i. Parasympathetic
- ii. – rest and relaxation; increases digestion
- iii. Sympathetic
- iv. – inhibits digestion; “fight/ flight”
- b. Control smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
- i. Nerves are going to control movement of tube and release of digestive juices
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tunica muscularis
types of muscle
- i. Most part: it is smooth muscle
- ii. At beginning and end of tube, its skeletal muscle, but most of it is smooth muscle
- 1. Even that skeletal muscle is barely under control
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tunica muscularis
function
- i. Function: movement
- 1. Peristalsis
- a. Rhythmic movement of food from one part of the tube to the next
- 2. In stomach, there is another type of movement called churning
- a. Where the food is thrown from side-to-side, top to bottom in the stomach because you want to change the bolus (solid mass that you swallow) into a more liquid fluid, chyme
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tunica adventitia
- i. Connective tissue layer
- ii. Located all places except the abdominal pelvic level, where its called the tunica serosa, which is the peritoneum, which is also connective tissue
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tunica adventitia
Compare two types
- i. In both adventitia and serosa, it’s a binding tissue
- 1. Binds organs to wall of body
- 2. Binds blood vessels and nerves to wall of the tube
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tunica adventitia
Contrast two
- 1. Adventitia: just connective tissue
- a. Esophagus, mouth, pharynx
- 2. Abdominal pelvic region: it’s a serous membrane
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tunica serosa
description
- a. Tunica serosa called the peritoneum
- b. Not only connective tissue, but epithelium
- c. Every serous membrane has two layers
- i. Outer, called parietal layer called parietal peritoneum
- ii. Inner, called visceral layer called visceral peritoneum
- iii. In between is a space where serous fluid exists, which is watery
- iv. Simple squamous called mesothelium in the wall of a serous membrane
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tunica serosa function
- a. Serosa’s function is to reduce friction as the organs move in the cavity
- i. Present in abdominal pelvic region for digestion: small intestine, large intestine, stomach
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