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souimet05
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Two molecular components of cell membrane
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Two Types of membrane proteins
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Integral proteins
- embedded in phospholipid bilayer
- span entire thickness of membrane
- exposed to both outside and inside of cell
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Peripheral proteins
- not embedded
- loosely attached to either external or internal cell wall
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Chemical concentration gradient
move from high concentration to low
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electrochemical forces
- seperation of charged ions across a membrane
- anions attract cations
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Passive membrane transport
- no energy required
- high concentration to low (diffusion)
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Active Transport
- Energy required
- moved against concentration gradient
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Simple diffusion
small or nonpolar molecules
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osmosis
applies only to the movement of water
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Isotonic Solutions
equal water concentration to inside cells
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Hypertonic solutions
- less water (more solute)> draws water out of cell
- cell shrinks (crenates)
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Hypotonic solutions
- more water (less solute)> water moves into cell
- cell bursts (lyses)
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In a resting muscle cell the membrane potential (E) is approximately____ mV and the cell is termed "___."
-95mV, polarized
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All resting cells have similar proportions of ions across their plasma membranes. knowing this, predict which ion will be found to have a greater plasma concentration than normal if hemolysis occurs as a blood sample is collected.
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when a hormone stimulates a target cell, it binds receptors. This binding produces a second messenger inside the cell. The "first" messenger is________.
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Facilitated Diffusion
- large or polar molecules
- requires specific integral protein that binds to molecule to be transported
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Bulk Filtration
diffusion of both liquids and dissolved molecules through hydrostatic presssure
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Active transport
- May involve ion pumps
- bulk transporty
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Exocytosis
Out of the cell
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endocytosis
into the cell
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Phagocytosis
nonspecific uptake of particles by formation of membrane extensions (pseodopia) that surround particles to be engulfed
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Pinocytosis
nonspecific uptake of extracellular fluid
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receptor-mediated endocytosis
engulfing of specific molecules bound to receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane
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Resting Potential
- membrane is polarized- negative mB at rest
- maintained by active transport ions
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