Bmsc 230 Gluconeogenesis

  1. Gluconeogenesis
    • -Synthesis of Glucose from non-hexose precursors
    • -Occurs in all animals plants fungi and micro-organisms
  2. Where does gluconeogenesis occur
    • 95% in liver
    • some in kidney
    • (Glucose-6-phosphatase only exists in liver and kidney)
  3. What precursors do animals use for gluconeogenesis?
    Lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and amino acids
  4. What precursors do plants use for glyconeogenesis?
    stored fats, proteins Image Upload 2 sucrose
  5. What precursors do micro-organisms use for glyconeogenesis?
    simple organic compounds: acetate, lactate, propionate Image Upload 4 Glucose
  6. What are the 3 bypass reactions in gluconeogenesis that differ from glycolosis?
    • 1) Pyruvate Image Upload 6 oxaloacetate
    • oxaloacetate Image Upload 8 phosphoenolpyruvate

    2) fructose 1,6-phosphate Image Upload 10 fructose 6-phosphate

    3) Glucose 6-PhosphateImage Upload 12Glucose
  7. Pyruvate to oxaloacetate
    • Pyruvate+CO2+ATPImage Upload 14ADP+Pi+Oxaloacetate
    • Enz: Pyruvate Carboxylase with Bioitin Prosthesis
    • Irreversable
    • Image Upload 16
  8. Biotin (B7)
    a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis.
  9. Oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate
    • Oxaloaceetate+GTPImage Upload 18CO2+GDP+phosphoenolpyruvate
    • Enz: PEP carboxykinase
    • **Oxaloacetate is essentially just phosphoralized
    • Image Upload 20
  10. If Oxaloaceetate Image Upload 22 phosphoenolpyruvate reaction occurs outside of mitochondria what what must occur?
    • Oxaloacetate+NADHImage Upload 24NAD++Malate
    • (to transport out of mitochondria)
    • Enz: Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase

    • Malate+NAD+Image Upload 26NADH+Oxaloacetate
    • (to proceed with reaction)
    • Enz: cytosolic Malate Dehydrogenase

    **Oxaloacetate can not be transported out of mitochondria
  11. Fructose 1,6-phosphateImage Upload 28 Fructose 6-phosphate
    • Fructose 1,6-phosphate+H2OImage Upload 30
    • Pi+Fructose 6-phosphate
    • Enz: Fructose 1,6-biphosphatase(FBPase-1)
    • irreversable
  12. Glucose-6-phosphateImage Upload 32Glucose
    • Glucose-6-phosphate+H2Image Upload 34 Glucose+Pi
    • Enz: Glucose 6-phosphatase
    • irreversable
  13. At what reactions are the 11 ATP equivalences required?
    • 1)2 ATP Pyruvate-oxaloacetate
    • 2)2 GTP Oxaloacetate-PEP
    • 3)2 ATP 3-phosphoglycerate-1,3bisphosphoglycerate
    • 4) 2 NADH 1,3phosphoglycerate-Glyceraldehyde 3-P
Author
Scottygo
ID
198032
Card Set
Bmsc 230 Gluconeogenesis
Description
Bmsc 230 Gluconeogenesis
Updated