BioE 220 Chapter 5. Cellular Principles

A family of extracellular and cell surface glycoproteins involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, recognition, activation, and migration

A stage in meiosis and mitosis in which sister chromatids are separated by the mitotic spindle fiver

Programmed cell death that enables the body to dispose of damaged, unwanted, or unneeded cells

A division process of unipotent cells in which one of the two offspring maintains stem cells characteristics and the other differentiates and maintains a specific function

A secondary active transport system in which both the primary and secondary solute move in same direction across the membrane

The critical point in culture of tissues in which the cell must adapt to the culture environment or die

Division of the cytoplasm of a cell in which two daughter cells result

A structural support of the cell composed of protein filaments that facilitate cell division, movement, and shape; the protein filaments that compose the cytoskeleton also serve as tracks in which substances are transported within the cell

Changes in cell shape and physiology associated with the production of the mature cell types of a particular organ or tissue

The process of copying a double-stranded DNA strand prior to cell division resulting in two copies of the original DNA strand

A cell that maintains distinct organelles, a cytoskeleton, and nucleus such as fungi, protozoa, plants, and animals

A secondary active transport system in which the primary and secondary solute move in opposite directions across the membrane

Any material produced by the cell and secreted into the surrounding medium, 3-D scaffold embedded in a gel containing proteins and filament fibers

Long, unbrached polysaccharide molecules that are found on the cell membrane and help give various tissue desired structure

An organelle composed of stacks of separate intracellular membrane compartments that function to modify and package secreted and integral membrane proteins. 

Serum proteins that stimulate cell division when they bind to a corresponding cell-surface receptor

Undifferentiated cells in the bone marrow that hae the ability to both multiply and differentiate into specific blood cells

Biological or chemical work done in a test tube rather than in the organism itself

The largest family of adhesion molecules that mediate cell-cell, cell-ECM, and cell-pathogen interactions by binding non to various non-integrin molecules

A mechanism of stem ell division in which a differentiated progenitor is produced as well as a constant number of stem cells

A membrane-enclosed vesicle consisting of hydrolytic enzymes used to breakdown cellular components and proteins found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Any material on or in which experimental cell cultures grow. Variety or nutrients 

An eukaryotic organelle that is the site of ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation

death in which the cell swells and ruptures

Membrane system that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

A membrane-bound organelle containing the entire genetic material, genome, of eukaryotes

An intracellular substructure having a specialized utility essential to proper cellular function

Process which ATP is produced in conjunction with the mitochondrion from the breakdown or charbohydrates and fatty acids

An organelle containing enzymes that catalyze the production and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide throughout the cell

Property of a stem cell to develop into more than one type of differentiated cell

Movement of molecules across a biological membrane that is driven by a chemical reaction, usually the hydrolysis of ATP

A type of cellular result from stem cell division which is characterized as the differentiated cell with a specific function

Primitive cells that lack cytoplasmic organelles, cytoskeleton, and nuclear membrane... no nucleus

A complex organelle composed of various proteins and ribosomal RNA that catalyzed the translation of mRNA into an a.a. sequence

Extensive membranous network, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and studded with ribosomes that give it a rough apperance

Movement of molecules across a biological membrane that is driven by the spontaneous movement of another molecule

A family or adhesion molecule that recognized and interacts with glycoproteins on the surface of other cells

extension of the ER responsible for lipid synthesis

Undifferentiated cell. Limitless self-renewal and multilineage differentaiation

A property of cells that are only capable of developing into one type of cell or tissue

In DNA cloning, the plasmid or phage chromosome used to carry the cloned DNA segment