History 1302 Ch 19

ex-slave, put into practice his  educational ideas at Tuskegee, which opened in 1881. Washington began Tuskegee with limited funds, four run-down buildings, and only thirty students; by 1900, it was a model industrial and agricultural school. Spread over forty-six buildings, it offered instruction in thirty trades to fourteen hundred students. He was a Civil Rights leader and at the 1895 Atlants exposition hecreated the Atlanta Compromise Philosophy

Philosphy Created by Booker T washington in which  Acknowledging white domination, it called for slow progress through self-improvement, not through  lawsuits or agitation. Rather than fighting for equal rights, blacks should acquire property and show they were worthy of their rights.

 Civil Rights Cases (1883), the Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment barred state governments from discriminating on account of race but did not prevent private individuals or orga-nizations from doing so.  Plessy v.  Ferguson (1896)

The Immigration Restriction League, founded in 1894, demanded a literacy test for immigrants from southern and eastern Europe. Congress passed such a law in 1896, but President Cleveland vetoed it.

  Educated and upper-class reformers who crusaded for lower tariffs, limited federal government, and civil service reform. They were best known for helping elect Grover Cleveland president in 1884.  p.  448

 Founded by Susan B. Anthony in 1890, this organization worked to secure women the right to vote. It stressed careful organization and peaceful lobbying.  p.  450

Adapted by English social philosopher Herbert Spencer from Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, this theory held that the “laws” of evolution applied to human life, that change or reform therefore took centuries, and that the “fittest” would succeed in business and social relationships. It promoted competition and individualism, saw government intervention into human affair as futile, and was used by the economic and social elite to oppose reform.  p.  455

  Preached by urban Protestant ministers, the Social Gospel focused as much on improving the conditions of life on earth as on saving souls for the hereafter. Its adherents worked for child-labor laws and measures to alleviate poverty.  p.  457

 In several influential books, Spencer took the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin and applied Darwinian principles of natural selection to society, combining biology and sociology in a theory of “social selection” that tried to explain human progress. Invented "Survival of the Fittest"

 Social Darwinism had a number of influential followers in the United States, including William Graham Sumner, a professor of political and social science at Yale University. One of the  country’s best known academic figures, Sumner was forceful and eloquent. In writ-ings such as  What Social Classes Owe to Each Other (1883) and “The Absurd Effort to Make the World Over” (1894), he argued that gov-ernment action on behalf of the poor or weak interfered with evolu-tion and sapped the species. Reform tampered with the laws of nature. “It is the greatest folly of which a man can be capable to sit down with a slate and pencil to plan out a new social world,” Sumner said.

Segregated School in the South

 Civil Rights Cases (1883), the Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment barred state governments from discriminating on account of race but did not prevent private individuals or orga-nizations from doing so.  Plessy v.  Ferguson (1896)