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What are the four main things the Greeks valued?
Arete, Self-Sufficency, Individualism, and Civic Virtue.
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what is the meaning of arete?
arete means reaching excellence or greatest value.
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what is the meaning of Hubris?
Hubris means pride and is the counter point of arete.
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what does arete mean being true to?
being true to ones self and abilities.
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what is the meaning of self-sufficency?
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being able to live on one's own and being working hard to earn one's place.
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what is the meaning of individualism?
doing things on one's own and knowing strengths and weaknesses.
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what is the meaning of civic virtue?
deals more with the well being of the state rather than the individual, so it is a duty to one's state.
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what is linear A?
written language used by the Minoans
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what type of Government did the Mycenaeans have?
they had Monarchial Governments
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what is linear B?
written language used by the Mycenaeans
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what period did the greek dark age occur?
(1100-800 BCE)
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what is an epic?
long poetry usually heroic, and usually involves kings and Gods
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what is a famous Epic by homer?
The Ilyiad and Odyssey
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what is a famous epic written by Hesiod?
Theogony and On Work and Days
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what is a Polis?
A city state
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what is an acropolis?
the high point of a city state, usually fortified
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what is an agora?
the chief marketplace of Athens, and the center of the citys civic life
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what is a hoplite?
a heavily armed foot soldier of Greece.
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what were the five main governing structures of the Polis?
Tyranny, Democracy, Oligarchy, Federalism, and Monarchy
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what is a tyranny?
Form of Government under one absolute ruler who is usually oppressive.
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what is a democracy?
Comes from Greek word Demos (people), means ruled by the people
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What is an Oligarchy?
it means it is ruled by the few, usually aristocratic.
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what is Federalism?
city states working together under one head state.
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what is a Monarchy?
ruled by a king
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what was important about overseas expansion?
-it led to increased prosperity through trade and growth of the population.
-Colonization began and a metropolis was formed
-Greek value and culture was spread out and their coins became much used so they became the prevailing culture of the mediterranean.
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what was important about the Growth of Sparta?
-They had a Conquest over colonization which led to the Messenian wars.
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what was the dates and periods of the first and second Messenian wars?
First Messenian War (735-715 BCE)
Second Messenian War (650-620 BCE0
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what were the helots?
a member of the lowest class in ancient Laconia.
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what was important about Spartan Political System?
There was new political, economic, and social organization. "Lycurgan Regiment"
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how was the government of the spartan political system organized?
there were 2 kings, and it was an oligarchy and democracy based government.
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what was important about their militarization?
it was under total government regulation and its first loyalty was to the state.
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What were five key factors involving spartan life?
- 1. babies if thought to be weak were exposed (left out to die).
- 2.boys were sent off to military training at the age of 7.
- 3.Men were allowed to marry at the age of 20, but could not live at home only in the barracks.
- 4. at the age of 30 men could now stay at home with their familes but had to eat in the barracks.
- 5. women at the age of 7 were trained in household duties and also gymnastics (MMA)
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what was a Draco?
Highest position holder in Athenian Government.
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what was the Law Code?
Established to help reduce problems the athenians faced, not very successful.
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why was Solon important?
he freed the debt of the athenians and gave the property back to the people.
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what was the agrarian crisis?
it was a time of weak crops.
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who was Cleisthenas?
the father of Democracy
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what was athenian democracy like?
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all men over the age of 30 had equal voting in government.
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what were a few key points of the Persian Wars?
1. it was recorded by Herodotus
- 2. it included the battle of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea
- 3. it resulted in a Greek Victory.
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