Anatomy 2 Exam 1

Blood is a specialized ________ tissue

The living cells of blood are called

The nonliving fluid matrix of blood is called

Blood that has been centrifuged separates into three layers:

The blood _______ represents the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood

The pH of blood is between _____ and _____

Blood density and viscosity is _____ than water due to the presence of formed elements

Normal blood volume in males=
Normal blood volume in females=

Blood delivers _____ and ______, removes __________ to elimination sites, and distributes _________

Blood aids in regulating body ______, body fluid _____, and fluid volume within fluid compartments

Blood protects against excessive blood loss through the ___________

Blood plasma consists of _____ water, and solutes including:

Plasma proteins account for _____ of plasma solutes, mostly _____, which function as carriers. 

Most plasma proteins are produced in the ________

Plasma proteins:  

Erythrocytes are ________

Red blood cells are small and _______ in shape. 

Red blood cells lack ___ and most organelles, and contain mostly ________

_________ is an oxygen-binding pigment that is responsible for the transport of most of the oxygen in the blood

Hemoglobin is made up of the protein _____ bound to the red heme pigment

__________, or blood cell formation, occurs in the red bone marrow

___________ is the formation of erythrocytes

Erythropoiesis begins when a ________ stem cell is transformed to a ___________, which develops to mature erythrocytes 

Erythrocyte production is controlled by the hormone ________

Dietary requirements for erythrocyte formation include:

Blood cells have a short life span due to the lack of _______ and __________

Destruction of dead or dying blood cells is accomplished by _________

_____ are characterized by a deficiency in RBCs

____________ is characterized by an abnormal excess of RBCs

___________ of whole blood is routine when blood loss is substantial

Humans have different blood types based on specific _______ on RBC membranes

____ blood groups are based on the presence or absence of the three antigens

The _________ is a group of RBC antigens that are either present in Rh+ blood, or absent in Rh- blood

A ________ reaction occurs if the infused donor blood type is attacked by the recipient's blood plasma antibodies, resulting in ________ and _________ of the donor cells

__________, or white blood cells, are the only formed elements that are complete cells and make up less than 1% of total blood volume

___________ are a main group of leukocytes characterized as large cells with lobbed nuclei and visibly staining granules; all are phagocytic

________ are the most numerous type of leukocyte. They are chemically attracted to sites of inflammation and are active phagocytic

________ are relatively uncommon and attack parasitic worms

________ are the least numerous leukocyte and release histamine to promote inflammation

_______ are a main group of lymphocytes that lack visibly staining granules

_____________ directly attack viral-infected and tumor cells

__________ produce antibody cells

Monocytes become _________ and activate T lymphocytes

_____________, the formation of white blood cells, is regulated by the production of _____________ and ___________________

Leukopoiesis involves differentiation of _______________ along two pathways; lymphoid and myeloid stem cells 

__________ is an abnormally low white blood cell count

__________ are clones of a single white blood cell that remain unspecialized and divide out of control

_____________ ______________ is a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

Platelets are not complete cells, but fragments of large cells called ___________

Platelets are critical to the _____________, forming the temporary seal when a blood vessel breaks

Formation of platelets involves mitosis of __________ without cytokinesis

A break in a blood vessel stimulates hemostasis which is 

__________ are the immediate vasoconstriction response to blood vessel injury

What is the process of Platelet Plug Formation

________, or blood clotting, is a multistep process in which blood is transformed from a liquid to a gel

Factors that promote clotting are called clotting factors, or ________

Factors that inhibit clot formation are called 

The clotting process involves:

___________ is a process in which the contractile proteins within platelets contract and pull on neighboring fibrin strands, squeezing plasma from the clot and pulling damaged tissue edges together

Repair is stimulated by 

______ removes unneeded clots through the action of the fibrin-digesting enzyme plasmin