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DesLee26
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What is a solution?
What are the components?
- a homogeneous mixture
- solute: substance dissolved (have less of)
- solvent: substance that dissolves (have more of)
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True or False:
When water is involved, it's usually always the solute.
False: solvent
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True or False: Gases can be solutions.
True
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Properties of solutions
- solute in solvent
- variable composition
- clear
- homogeneous
- do not settle
- can separate by physical means
- pass through filter paper
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True or False:
Clear is colorless.
False: not colorless (think windex)
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What are physical means of separation?
evaporation, chromatography
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Other possibilities have to deal with __.
particle size
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Suspension
particles are in a solution; they settle; not homogeneous unless mixed
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What is solvation?
the process in which an ion or a molecule is surrounded by solvent molecules arranged in a specific manner; surrounding the molecule by water solution; get water to interact with ions in the structure
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What is endothermic? Exothermic?
- endo: +DeltaH
- exo: -DeltaH
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To make a solution, what must occur?
we need to break interactions between solvent, solute, and form interactions where the solute and solvent are attracted to each other
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What is good for DeltaS
positive because you increase entropy
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Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous (in terms of Gibbs)
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What would a - deltaH feel like?
hot; energy released
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What is the deltaH for solvent-solute interactiosn?
negative; unfavorable
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solvent-solvent interactions
energy is absorbed (positive deltaH) o overcome intermolecular forces between solvent molecules
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Solute-solute interactions
energy is absorbed (positive deltaH) to overcome intermolecular forces holding solute particles together in a crystal
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Solvent-solute interactions
energy is released (negative deltaH) when solvent molecules cluster around solute particles and solvate them
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Explain an exothermic deltaH solution.
- the solute-solvent interactions are stronger than the solute-solute or solvent-solvent.
- Favorable
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Explain an endothermic deltaH soltuion.
the solute-solvent interactions are weaker than the solute solute or solvent-solvent. Unfavorable
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Concentrated or Dilute
- relative terms
- dilute is usually half of concentrated, but it depends on the substance
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Saturated
- contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given solvent
- usually depends on the temp
- - as you heat liquids up, solutes will dissolve more (some do this)
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unsaturated
contains less solute than a solvent has the capacity to dissolve
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Supersaturated
contains more solute than would be present in a saturated solution
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Crystallization
the process in which dissolved solute comes out of the solution and forms crystals
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