Inorganic Chemistry part 2

A state in which the rates of forward & reverse reactions are the same.  It is an active, dynamic condition.

Where  M and N are the product concentration and A and B are the reactant concentration

When a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve the stress.

Even though the additional stress changes the values of the system K does not change.

• Variable volume & shape that depends on the container (expands to fill entire container)
• Particles feel little attraction for each other
• Low density
• Expand & contract significantly with temperature changes.

• Definite volume but variable shape dependent on container
• Molecules held together by Van der Waal’s forces (attractive forces) but can slide over each other

Definite volume & shape independent of container

• A gas consists of many particles, either atoms or molecules, moving about at random with no attractive forces between them.
• The amount of space occupied by gas particles themselves is much smaller than the amount of space between the gas particles.
• The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the Kelvin temperature.
• Collisions of gas particles, either with each other or with the wall of their container, are elastic so that the total kinetic energy of the particles is constant.

P1V1 = P2V2or-PV= k (a constant)

• Inverse.
• As the pressure of a gas is doubled, the volume is halved (closed container).

or

• Proportional.
• The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure.

Proportional

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature for a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume.

Proportional

0° C (273.15K) and 1 atm (760 mmHg)

• 
• If any of the variables of pressure, volume, or temperature is also held constant, the law becomes Boyle’s, or Charles’, or Gay-Lussac depending on the additional constant.

Partial pressure: The contribution of a given gas in a mixture to the total pressure of the gas  P total = P gas 1 + P gas 2 + …..

Each gas creates pressure as if the other gases weren’t present

endothermic

The temperature when liquid gas phases are at equilibrium.

↑ BP with ↑ atmospheric pressure.

• Solute.
• Solute: a substance dissolved in a liquid.
• Solvent:  the liquid in which another substance is dissolved.

The maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of a solvent at a specified temperature.