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Describe chemical equilibrium.
A state in which the rates of forward & reverse reactions are the same. It is an active, dynamic condition.
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What is the equilibrium equation?
Where M and N are the product concentration and A and B are the reactant concentration
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What is Le Chateliers's principle?
When a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve the stress.
Even though the additional stress changes the values of the system K does not change.
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What are the properties of a gas?
- Variable volume & shape that depends on the container (expands to fill entire container)
- Particles feel little attraction for each other
- Low density
- Expand & contract significantly with temperature changes.
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What are the properties of a liquid?
- Definite volume but variable shape dependent on container
- Molecules held together by Van der Waal’s forces (attractive forces) but can slide over each other
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Describe a the characteristics of a solid.
Definite volume & shape independent of container
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What does the kinetic molecular theory of gases state?
- A gas consists of many particles, either atoms or molecules, moving about at random with no attractive forces between them.
- The amount of space occupied by gas particles themselves is much smaller than the amount of space between the gas particles.
- The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the Kelvin temperature.
- Collisions of gas particles, either with each other or with the wall of their container, are elastic so that the total kinetic energy of the particles is constant.
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What is Boyles Law?
P1V1 = P2V2or-PV= k (a constant)
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Is boyles law an inverse or proportional relationship?
- Inverse.
- As the pressure of a gas is doubled, the volume is halved (closed container).
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What is Charles's law?
or
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Does Charles's law reflect an inverse or proportional relationship?
- Proportional.
- The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure.
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Is Gay Lussacs's law a proportional or inverse relationship?
Proportional
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature for a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume.
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Does Avogadro's law illustrate an inverse or proportional relationship?
Proportional
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What is standard temperature and pressure?
0° C (273.15K) and 1 atm (760 mmHg)
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What is the combined gas law?
- If any of the variables of pressure, volume, or temperature is also held constant, the law becomes Boyle’s, or Charles’, or Gay-Lussac depending on the additional constant.
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What is the ideal gas law?
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What is the Value of R if pressure is given in ATM?
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What is R if pressure is given in mmHg?
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What is dalton's law of partial pressure?
Partial pressure: The contribution of a given gas in a mixture to the total pressure of the gas P total = P gas 1 + P gas 2 + …..
Each gas creates pressure as if the other gases weren’t present
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When water changes from a liquid to a gas, it is a(n) _________ process.
endothermic
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When water changes from a liquid to a solid it is a(n) _________ process?
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Define boiling point.
The temperature when liquid gas phases are at equilibrium.
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If the atmospheric pressure rises what effect does this have on boiling point?
↑ BP with ↑ atmospheric pressure.
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If we add 10 g of NaCl to 100 ml's of aqueous solution, is NaCl the solute, or the solvent?
- Solute.
- Solute: a substance dissolved in a liquid.
- Solvent: the liquid in which another substance is dissolved.
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What is Solubility?
The maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of a solvent at a specified temperature.
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