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absorption
process through which organisms make nutrients available to cells
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acceleration
rate of change of an object's velocity
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acid
solute that donates protons
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air pressure
movement n collision of gas molecules in the atmosphere that can form into high- or low-pressure areas
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alleles
different versions of a gene in a population
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angiosperms
flowering plants
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auxins
important class of plant hormones associated w/ growth patterns
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base
solute that accepts protons
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binary fission
reproductive mechanism of prokaryotes
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carbohydrates (saccharides)
biological molecules that have important roles in energy metabolism n storage as well as the structure of cells n organisms
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central nervous system
system comprised of the brain n spinal cord in vertebrates that processes n stores information
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charge
excess or deficiency of electrons in a body
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circulatory system
system for transporting nutrients n other essential materials throughout the body
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classical genetics
study for the patterns n mechanisms of the transmission of inherited traits from one generation to another
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climate
long-term patterns of temperature, humidity and amount of sunshine
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condensation
the process by which gas reverts back into the liquid phase
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crust
outermost layer of the Earth
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deposition
the process by which a gas changes directly to the solid phase
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
genetic material that contains genes responsible of the physical traits observed in all living organisms
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dynamics
study of what causes motion
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ecosystem
community n its abiotic environment
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electric current (direct, alternating)
flow of a charge
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endocrine system
network of glands n tissues that secrete hormones
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endoskeleton
framework for the attachment of skeletal muscles in vertebrates that also protects vital organs
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equinox
calendar dates when the day n night are the same length
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eukaryotic cells
multicellular organisms whose cells contain organelles
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evaporation (vaporization)
process by which liquid changes into the gas phase
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exoskeleton
hard external skeleton that covers all the muscles n organs of some invertebrates
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external fertilization
process of fertilization in vertebrates that reproduce in water
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fault
weakened narrow zones in tectonic plates
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fertilization
union of an egg nucleus w/ sperm nucleus
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fitness
quantitative measure of the ability to contribute alleles n traits to offspring
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food chain
simple linear relationship between series of species, w/ on eating the other
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food web
depiction of the relationships w/in a community in which every population interacts w/ several other populations
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force
push or pull on an object
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freezing (solidification, crystallization)
process by which a liquid changes into a solid
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galaxy
huge cluster or stars n nebulae
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gametes
sex cells produced through meiosis in males n females
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gene pool
sum total of all alleles in a population
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genes
molecules that store n transfer genetic info
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genotype
an organism's genetic composition
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gravity
attractive force felt by all forms of matter
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gymnosperms
nonflowering plants
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haploid cells
gametes that, when joined, produce diploid offspring
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hormones
chemical messengers produced in one tissue n carried by the blood to act on other parts of the body
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hypothesis
an explanation for one or more observations about the natural world
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immune system
body's system of protection against invasion by unwanted organisms
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maturation
development of an embryo to an adult
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meiosis
specialized form of eukaryotic cell division involving male n female gametes
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melting (fusion)
proces by which a solid changes into a liquid
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minerals
naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solids
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mitosis
asexual reproductive process of eukaryotic cells in which cells divide to form 2 daughter cells w/ the same genetic makeup as the parent cell
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nucleic acids
essential info molecules found in all living things
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organic compounds
chemicals that contain carbon, inorganic compounds do not contain carbon
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organs
large anatomical structures made from several tissues
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orogenesis
processes of mt formation
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osmosis
simple diffusion of water from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
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phenotype
appearance n physical expression of genes in an organism
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photosynthesis
foundation of all eosystems wherein plants generate their own energy from the energy of the sun
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population
grp of members of the same species found in a given environment at a given time
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power
rate at which work is done
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precipitation
consumption of one organism by another
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prokaryotic cells
unicellular organisms w/ a simple cell structure
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respiration
bodily system used to transport oxygen to cells n rid body of waste products like carbon dioxide
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RNA (ribonucleic acid)
polymer of nucleotides associated w/ the control of cellular chemical activities
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scientific method
accepted method for testing scientific hypotheses
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solstice
calendar dates when the days are longest or shortest
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solubility
maximum amt of that substance that can be dissolved in a particular solvent at a particular temperature
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solvent
in a solution, substance that does the dissolving; what is dissolved is known as the solute
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speciation
creation of new species
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species
grp of similar organisms that can produce viable offspring
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static friction
force that must bve overcome to set an object in motion
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stratosphere
layer of the atmosphere located above the troposphere in which most of the atmosphere's ozone is found
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sublimation
process by which a solid changes directly to the gas phase
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symbiosis
relationship between organisms in which they share an intimate, often permanent coexistence
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taxonomy
the science of classifying n naming living things
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tectonic plates
thick slabs of rock that compromise the outer portion of Earth
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thermoregulation
maintenance of a particular temperature of the living body
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tide
alternate rising n falling of the surface of the ocean caused by the gravitational attraction of the Sun n Moon occurring unequally on different parts of the Earth
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tissues
specialized cells w/ a common function n similar form in multicellular organisms
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troposphere
layer of the atmosphere located closest to the Earth's surface in which weather occurs
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vegetative propagation
asexual reproductive process of many plants, including bulbs n tubers
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zygote
diploid single cell offspring formed from the union of gametes
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