-
What is World Literature? (Who noted it?
David Damrosch
-
What is World Literature
- -ability to find ones self in the
- literature
-timeless
- -written expression that exposes
- different cultures
-
Weitliteratur
- Goethe coined the term world literature
- (Weitliteratur in German)
-
"Conversations with Eckermann"
- the international circulation and reception of literary works in early 19th century
- and shows a sense of an arising global modernity
National literature is now a rather unmeaning term; the epoch of world literature is at hand and everyone must strive to hasten its approach
- the
- network of world lit has an economic character
-
"a traffic in ideas between peoples, a literary market to which the nations bring
their intellectual treasures for exchange"
Frits Strich
-
Communist
Manifesto" (1847)
- "National one-sidededness and
- narrow-mindeddness become more and more impossible, and from the numerous
- national and local literatures there arises a world lit."
- -world lit is the quintessential lit of modern times
- -Marx and Engles (wrote Communist Manifesto)
-
"The sum total of all national literatures? A wild idea, unattainable in practice..."
Claudio Guillen
-
"all literary works that
circulate beyond their culture of origin, either in translation or in their
original lg. ...includes any work that has ever reaches beyond its home
base..." whenever, and wherever, it is actively present within a literary
system beyond that of its original culture"
David Damrosch (Harvard)
-
David Damrosch (Harvard)
- a work of lit can often reach out beyond its own time and place, but conversely
- it can also provide a privileged mode of access into some of the deepest
- qualities of its culture of origin
-
The rise of world literature in academia (especially in the US)
second half of the 20th century
-
Western European and U.S. masterpieces (before) literature from an increasingly more diverse world, especially incorporating non-Western literature (now, no longer “elite”
literature only)
David Damrosch
-
Gayatri Spivak
- concerned about the study of world literature in translation, which could diminish the importance of the
- original language and context of the text.
• Some scholars emphasize the need to pay attention to original language and contexts.
-
world literature should ideally inspire readers to study world languages and read literatures in the original languages.
David Damrosch
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Wu Ch’eng-En, Monkey (Journey to the West) Characters
1) Hsuan Tsang/Tripitaka
- -empty center of the group, carried
- forward by his more active disciples, both willing and unwilling
- 2) Sun Wu-Kung, Monkey
- Aware-of-Vacuity
- -vital, humorous, mischievous,
- adventurous, arrogant & rebellious (but becomes faithful to his master and
- committed to the pilgrim)
3) The Bodhisattva, Kuan-yin
- -potential Buddha helping suffering
- humanity
-
Wu Ch’eng-En, Monkey
Chinese- Ming dynasty (1368-1644)
- Based on journey of the Buddhist
- monk Hsuan Tang (aka Tripitaka) from China to India in search of Buddhist
- scriptures during the T'ang Dynasty (618-907)
-17th century work -published in many chapters which are independent but also have a continuous story told and added to over many centuries
-things added in episodes
Journey of immortality
Supernatural aspect
-
Arthur Waley
Translated Journey to the West and renamed it Monkey
-
"literary" ("classical") Chinese
1) "literary/classical" spoken
2) written story
- -classical stories: short pieces
- with emphasis on particular phrasing
-vernacular stories
-manner of oral storytelling
-detailed descriptions
-lively dialogue
- -speculation on the motives of the
- characters
-
"vernacular" Chinese
- -fantastic creatures: gods, demons,
- and bizarre kingdoms
-descriptive and repetitive
-hyperbolic
-phrases indicate a serial form
-
Fire Sermon
- Buddha teaching
- All things are on fire
- That which you think are important
- are not important/all things change
To achieve enlightenment, you must detach yourself from the world
Sensory input things are illusions and are not important
-
Emily Dickinson
1830-1886
Gothic poetess
-
Matsuo Basho
- The Narrow Road to the Deep North
- Japanese
- Haiku
- Seasonal, paradoxical, centerline twist (snow on the pine tree/chills my body warm by fire/insulating cold)
-
Anton Chekhov
- Russia
- 1860-1904
- His
grandfather
had
been
a
serf
who
eventually
saved
enough
money
to
- purchase
his
freedom
Chekhov
managed
to
work
as
both
a
physician
and
a
writer
until
he
died (“Medicine
is
my
lawful
wife,
and
writing
is
my
mistress.”)
Bought an estate in 1894
Symbolic for a grandson of a serf to become a landlord
His plays were radically experimental
His plays did not typically have a strong political or moral message
- Worked from 1930's on USSR leaders insisted his plays be produced across the country showing how the lower class could rise
- In the West, his work was taken to stand for individualism and human dignity
- His work continues to be difficult to categorize
- Innovative drama
- -no melodrama; each charater is just as complex and just as simple as life
- -stresses ensembles instead of heroes and moods instead of actions
- -shows attention to detail (relates to his medical training)
- -concise
-
Chekhov’s
The
Seagull
Stanislavsky’s
production hailed as "one of the greatest events in the history of Russian theater and one of the greatest new developments in the history of world drama"
-
Cherry Orchard (history)
- 1904
- Depicts Russia at end of 19th century
- Tsar Alexander II officially ended serfdom in 1861 diminishing the influence of landowners (and pseudo aristocracy)
- -the shift in wealth and power brought a sense of impending crisis
- -Bloody Sunday launched Russian Revolution of 1905
-
The Cherry Orchard Opposing Interpretations
- 1) Tragedy of downfall of Russian aristocracy
- 2) Prophesy of approaching feudal Russia and happier future
-
The Cherry Orchard Significance
- Paradoxical blend of comedy and tragedy
- -social picture firmly set in specific historical time: dissolution of the landed gentry & rise of peasant
- -Chekhov in his distrust of ideologies and heroics extends his sympathy to all characters
-
Mrs. Lyuba Ranevsky
owner of the estate and the cherry orchard around which the story revolves.
-
Yermolay Lopakhin
A businessman, and the son of peasants on Ranevsky's estate.
-
Leonid Gayev
- Gayev is Ranevsky's brother. He has several intriguing verbal habits; he frequently describes tricky billiards shots at odd and inappropriate times. He also will launch into overly sentimental and rhetorical
- speeches before his niece Anya stops him, after which he always mutters "I
- am silent" at least once.
-
Varya
Ranevksy's adopted daughter, who is twenty-fouryears old. She is in love with Lopakhin, but she doubts that he will ever propose to her.
-
Anya
- Ranevksy's biological daughter, Anya is seventeen years old. She seems to have
- lived a sheltered life. Anya and Trofimov become so close that Varya fears they
- may become romantically involved.
-
Peter Trofimov
A student at the local university, he knows Ranevsky fromtutoring her son Grisha before he died
-
Boris Simeonov-Pischik
A nobleman, and fellow landowner,who is, like Ranevsky, in financial difficulties. Pischik is characterizedmainly by his boundless optimism—he is always certain he will find the moneysomehow to pay for the mortgages that are due—but also by his continualborrowing money from Ranevsky
-
Charlotte
Anya's governess
-
Firs
Ranevsky's eighty-seven-year-old manservant. he frequentlytalks about how life was before the serfs were freed. He is possibly senile,and is constantly mumbling.
-
Simon Yephikodov
Yephikodov is a clerk at the Ranevsky estate. He lovesDunyasha, to whom he has proposed.
-
Yasha
the young manservant who has been traveling with Ranevsky ever since she left for France. He is always complaining about how uncivilized Russia iswhen compared to France. He has a strong taste for acrid-smelling cigars.
-
Dunyasha
A maid on the Ranevsky estate. She functions mainly as a foil to Yasha, her innocent naïveté and love for him emphasizing and making clear his cynicism and selfishness. She is also the object of Yephikodov's affections, a status about which she is very confused.
-
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter… and Spring
Was
first
released
in
South
Korea
in
2003.
Was
released
in
the
U.S.
in
2004.
Is
divided
into
five
sections
(the
five
seasons of
the
title)
Was
a
clear
departure
from
the
director’s
previous,
extremely
cruel
films.
Received
many
awards,
including
awards
from San
Sebastian
International
Film
Festival.
-
The Metamorphosis
- Franz Kafka (1883-1924)
- Bohemia/Austria-Hungary
- The Metamorphosis 1915
-
Frank Kafka
- 1883-1924
- Jewish born in Catholic Bohemia (he studied Judaism and Hebrew)
Son of a German-speaking shop keeper (German was the language imposed by Austro-Hungaria government)
Drawn to lit when his father pushed him towards success in business
Resented his father's overbearingness, but felt deprived of his mother's love
Lived with his parents most of his life
Worked for a large insurance company from 1908 to 1922 until he retired because of his TB
-
Kafka works
Novellas:
The Metamorphosis (1915)
In the Penal Colony (1919)
Story Collection
The Country Doctor (1919)
A Hunger Artist (1924)
Novels
The Trial (1925)
The Castle (1926)
Amerika (1927)
-
“My Innocent Uncle.”
- Korea Ch’ae Man-Sik (1902-1950)
- Modern histories of Korea and Japan
Everyday realities of Colonial Korea
The unreliable narrator
- Characteristics of Modernist
- literature
Irony and satire
Treatment of women
Title of the story
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