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Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane?
B) epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
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The tissue under the skin is called the
A) hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
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As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,
B) they die.
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The layer of the epidermis at the surface is the
C) stratum corneum
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Thick skin can be found on the
A) palms.
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The skin is also called the
D) cutaneous membrane.
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Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the
B) epidermis.
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An epidermal layer that produces large amounts of keratin is the
A) stratum granulosum
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The primary mode of heat loss from the body is
A) radiation.
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n order for bacteria on the skin to cause an infection in the skin, they must
E) all of the above
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Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the
A) dermis.
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Drugs suspended in ________ or ________ can penetrate the epidermis.
E) oils; lipid-soluble carriers
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Functions of the skin include
D) regulating body temperature
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An individual with excessive epidermal shedding on the scalp may be prone to develop this condition.
E) dandruff
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In albinism, ________ is lacking.
E) melanin
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The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup.
C) carotene
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The pigment melanin
C) protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation.
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The most important factor in skin color is
E) genetic factors.
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Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light
C) can stimulate the production of melanin.
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When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis?
D) The blood supply to the skin decreases.
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Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system that aids the endocrine system?
B) synthesis of vitamin D
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Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.
D) vitamin D3
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The dermis is composed largely of
E) dense irregular connective tissue
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When smooth muscles in the walls of dermal blood vessels contract,
C) body heat is conserved.
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The layer of the skin that provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow is the
B) dermis.
-
Folds of the dermis that cause fingerprints are called
D) dermal papillae.
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Nerve fibers in the skin are associated with
E) all of the above
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When the body is overheated, the skin responds by
B) increasing blood flow to the dermis
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The subcutaneous layer is made of
B) loose connective and adipose tissues
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The hypodermis contains mostly
A) adipose tissue.
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Injections made under the skin are called
B) hypodermal injections.
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Shafts of hair are made by
E) dead epidermal cells.
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When the arrector pili muscles contract,
B) "goose bumps" are formed.
-
Accessory structures of the skin include
E) all of the above
-
Temporary increases in hair loss can result from
E) all of the above
-
Glands that are located in the ear canal are called
B) ceruminous glands.
-
Perspiration produced by apocrine sweat glands
D) is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin.
-
The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is
C) acne.
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Eccrine sweat glands
B) respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
-
Sweat helps to cool the body by
B) evaporation.
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Eccrine and sebaceous glands differ in
E) all of the above
-
The glands that develop at puberty are
A) apocrine glands.
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Specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called
B) mammary glands.
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The pale cresent area of the nail is called the
B) lunula.
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The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the
B) cuticle.
-
The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a
D) third-degree burn.
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A burn that penetrates the epidermis and part of the dermis is classified as a
C) second-degree burn.
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Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person?
E) all of the above
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A burn that involves only the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as
C) first degree.
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This type of burn appears inflamed and tender but has no blisters.
A) first-degree burn
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The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from
E) melanocytes.
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The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the stratum _________________.
basale
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The substance that gives the skin its waterproofing ability is _______________.
keratin
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The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called ______ .
keratin
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__________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.
Carotene
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Melanin serves to protect cells under the epidermis from ________________.
UV light
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Exposure to _______________ radiation from the sun has the effect of increasing melanin production in the skin.
UV (ultraviolet)
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The ________________ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin and is responsible for the strength of the skin.
reticular
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The thermostat for the body is the ____________.
hypothalamus
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The _________ glands function as scent glands.
apocrine
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The nail ______________ covers the nail bed
body
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A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) __________.
keloid
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____________ are accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis.
Blisters
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Select the layer below that contains dividing cells.
A) stratum basale
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This layer is absent in thin skin.
B) stratum lucidum
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Which of the following terms refers to a yellowing of skin due to an abnormally high level of bilirubin in the blood?
A) jaundice
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Which of the following does not contribute to skin color?
A) hair color
-
Blond hair
B) has a sparse amount of melanin in the cortex.
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The hair of the fetus is called ___________.
E) lanugo
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The oily secretion that prevents the skin from drying and cracking is
D) sebum.
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These skin glands protect the ear.
B) ceruminous
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In this type of burn, only the epidermis is involved.
C) first degree
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Which type of skin graft is unlikely to cause an immune reaction?
B) isograft
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The single layer of cells that make up the stratum basale of the epidermis contains all of the following cell types except
A) fibroblasts.
-
Which of the following types of cells divides by mitosis to replace the dead cells that exfoliate from the surface of your skin?
C) keratinocytes
-
Which layer is responsible for fingerprints?
D) dermis
-
The epidermal layer that is dead and keratinized is the
A) stratum corneum
-
The major skin layer that normally has the greatest amount of adipocytes is the
C) hypodermis.
-
Cutaneous vasodilation is in response to
C) very warm conditions
-
Which part of the nail represents the growth zone?
E) nail matrix
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Of the three types of hair we grow during our lives, which type is pigmented?
B) terminal
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Fingernails grow about 1mm/week due to mitosis of cells in the
B) nail matrix.
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Smooth muscle bundles attached to the hair root sheath are called
A) arrector pili.
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Which of the following statements about sweat glands is incorrect?
D) A milky perspiration containing fatty acids is secreted by merocrine sweat glands.
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Which of the following has an excretory function?
C) eccrine sweat gland
-
Which of the following is a fungus infection of the skin?
D) ringworm
-
Which of the following types of skin cancer is the least dangerous because it seldom metastasizes?
B) basal cell carcinoma
-
The epidermal water barrier is formed at the point where epidermal cells
B) pass from stratum spinosum to stratum granulosum.
-
Which of the following skin conditions or appearances would most likely result from liver failure?
C) jaundice
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All of the following interfere with microbial invasion of the body except
A) melanization.
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The hair on a 6-year-old's arms is
D) vellus.
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Which of the following terms is least related to the rest?
B) cortex
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Which of the following is a scent gland?
D) apocrine gland
-
are skin cells with a sensory role.
D) Tactile cells
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Which of the following glands produce the acid mantle?
B) merocrine sweat glands
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Which of the following skin cells alert the immune system to pathogens?
C) dendritic cells
-
__________ is sweating without noticeable wetness of the skin.
insensible perspiration
-
A muscle that causes a hair to stand on end is called a/an __________.
piloerector
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The process of removing burned skin from a patient is called __________.
debridement
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Blueness of the skin due to low oxygen concentration in the blood is called __________.
cyanosis
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Projections of the dermis toward the epidermis are called __________.
dermal papillae
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Cerumen is more commonly known as __________.
earwax
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The holocrine glands that secrete into a hair follicle are called __________
sebaceous glands
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Hairs grow only during the __________ phase of the hair cycle
anagen
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A hair is nourished by blood vessels in a connective tissue projection called the __________.
dermal papilla
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A __________ burn destroys the entire dermis.
third-degree
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Dander consists of dead keratinocytes.
True/False
True
-
The term integument means only the skin, but integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and cutaneous glands.
True/False
True
-
The dermis is composed mainly of keratin
True/False
- False
- Keratin is the protein of the epidermis; the dermis is composed mainly of collagen
-
Vitamin D synthesis begins in certain cutaneous glands
True/False
- False
- Vitamin D synthesis begins in kerationcytes
-
Cells of the stratum granulosum cannot undergo mitosis.
True/False
True
-
Dermal papillae are better developed in skin subjected to a lot of mechanical stress than in skin subjected to less stress.
True/False
True
-
The three layers of the skin are the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
True/False
- False
- The hypodermis is not considered to be a layer of the skin.
-
People of African descent have a much higher density of epidermal melanocytes than do people of northern European descent.
True/False
- False
- Different races have about the same density of melanocyts, but different amounts of melanin.
-
Pallor indicates a genetic lack of melanin.
True/False
- False
- A genetic lack of melanin causes albinism, not pallor. Pallor is a temporary, nonhereditary paleness of the skin.
-
Apocrine sweat glands develop at the same time in life as the pubic and axillary hair
True/False
True
-
The epidermis is made of this tissue:
B. stratified squamous epithelium
-
These cells are responsible for the ability
of the epidermis to resist abrasion and reduce water loss:
C. keratinocytes
-
This layer of skin replaces older cells that
desquamate with newer cells by mitosis:
B. stratum basale
-
Thin skin:
E. all of these
-
Cyanosis, blue tinted skin, is caused by
this:
a. excess carotene
b. decreased melanin production
c. decreased oxygen in the blood
d. increased blood flow
c. decreased oxygen in the blood
-
The dermis is made of this kind of tissue:
a. adipose
b. epithelium
c. connective
d. keratin
c. connective
-
This is not associated with the dermis:
a. melanocytes
b. nerve endings
c. lymphatic vessels
d. hair follicles
a. melanocytes
-
These lines of scar tissue are formed from
excess stretching of the skin:
a. fingerprints
b. dermal papillae
c. cleavage (tension) lines
d. striae
d. striae
-
This layer contains blood vessels that nourish the epidermis, remove wastes and
regulate body temperature:
a. reticular layer
b. hypodermis
c. papillary layer
d. stratum basale
c. papillary layer
-
Near birth, the hair on the scalp, eyelids
and eyebrows are replaced with this:
a. terminal hair
b. lanugo
c. vellus hair
a. terminal hair
-
This layer of cells in the hair forms the
surface and contains hard keratin:
a. medulla
b. cortex
c. cuticle
d. dermal root sheath
c. cuticle
-
These smooth muscles are attached to hair
follicles and contraction of them
produces “goose bumps”:
a. hairbulb
b. arrector pili
c. dermal root sheath
d. epithelial root sheath
b. arrector pili
-
The nail is produced mostly by this:
a. nail bed
b. nail root
c. nail fold
d. nail matrix
d. nail matrix
-
This white crescent-shaped area is seen at
the base of the nail:
a. nail bed
b. nail fold
c. lunula
d. eponychium
e. hyponychium
c. lunula
-
These sweat glands are responsible for
cooling the body:
a. merocrine (eccrine)
b. apocrine
c. ceruminous
d. sebaceous
a. merocrine (eccrine)
-
These modified apocrine sweat glands are found in the breasts:
a. ceruminous
b. sebaceous
c. mammary
d. mucous
c. mammary
-
Sebaceous glands produce sebum, prevent
drying of the skin, protect against some bacteria, and are classified as holocrine.
True/ False
True
-
This gland is involved with the production of
body odor:
a. merocrine
b. apocrine
c. cermunious
d. sebaceous
b. apocrine
-
These glands located in the external auditory
meatus (ear canal) produce ear wax:
a. apocrine
b. ceruminous
c. merocrine (eccrine)
d. sebaceous
b. ceruminous
-
The major function of the skin is protection
from this:
a. abrasion
b. dehydration
c. ultraviolet light
d. entry of microorganisms
e. all of these
e. all of these
-
This layer contains about half of the body’s
stored fat:
a. epidermis
b. dermis
c. hypodermis (subcutaneous)
d. stratum basale
c. hypodermis (subcutaneous)
-
This substance is synthesized in the skin and
increases blood calcium for normal nerve and muscle function:
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin B
c. vitamin C
d. vitamin D
d. vitamin D
-
This best describes the function of melanin
in the skin:
a. reduces water loss
b. protects against UV light
c. helps regulate body temperature
d. lubricates the skin
b. protects against UV light
-
These are all effects of aging on the integumentary system except:
a. decrease of elastic fibers
b. loss of fat from hypodermis
c. decrease of melanin production in hair
d. increase of sweat gland activity
d. increase of sweat gland activity
-
After the resting stage of hair growth, the
hair:
a. grows more rapidly
b. falls out
c. shortens the hair follicle
d. loses its pigmentation
b. falls out
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