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a. Plants are __
i. What does htis mean?
ii. Necessary:
1. _
- autotrophs-photosynthesis
- Make their own food from inorganic materials through photosynthesis
- Water, CO2, and minerals
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Minerals
- how many
- how will they enter
- what part of plant
- exception
- i. 13 minerals that are necessary for the plant to produce food and those thirteen minerals come from the soiled (dissolved rock)
- i. They will enter the plant through the roots and then travel throughout the plant
- ii. Generally through leaves, roots, or stems, but mostly leaves
- iii. There is one that does not come from the soil, Nitrogen
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Macronutrients: __
Divisions
- mineral needed in large quantities
- primary and secondary nutrients
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Primary Nutrients
- 1. Needed so much that it has to be replenished by the soil
- a. Used in such large quantities that they are used up quickly and have to be replenished
- 2. Nitrogen, K, P
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Secondary Nutrients
- 1. Used in large quantities, not as large as quantities, and generally don’t have to be replenished as quickly
- 2. Calcium, Mg, S
- 3. Lime will replenish secondary macronutrients
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Micronutrients
- i. Needed in very minute quantities but absolutely necessary
- 1. Very rare that they’d be depleted from the soil
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Composition of Soil
- i. Mineral (inorganic matter)
- ii. Organic matter
- iii. pore spaces
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Explain organic matter
- 1. All the decaying and dead material; anything that’s living
- 2. Lot of organic material in soil
- 3. Humus refers to the partially decayed organic matter
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Explaiin pore spaces.
- i. Pore spaces—containing air and water
- 1. Earthworms, as they burrow, are constantly lifting and softening the soil so that the spaces are kept open
- 2. Essential because oxygen is in soil, not only for plants, but organisms
- a. Water necessary for uptake by minerals
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Nitrogen
- a. a MACRONUTRIENT
- i. All minerals from weathered rock except for nitrogen
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Where does nitrogen come from?
1. Nitrogen as nitrogen cannot be used by the plantà nitrogen-fixating bacteria that will take atmospheric nitrogen and use it to convert it to a usable form that can be used by the plant= NITROGEN FIXATION
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Nitrogen fixation
- i. Not all bacteria can fix nitrogen; there is a group of them
- ii. One group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is called Rhizobia
- 1. Capable of fixing nitrogen because they have the enzymes needed to fix it
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What is one of the enzymes involved in nitrogen fixation?
- a. One of the enzymes is nitrogenase
- i. Enzyme present in nitrogen-fixing bacteria that is necessary to convert atmospheric nitrogen to a usable form
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What happens with nitrogen fixation?
- i. What happens is that the rhizobium is going to form a symbiotic relationship with the plant
- 1. Plants that are symbiotic are legumes, which are located in the soil in order to fix nitrogen
- a. Legumes form a symbiotic relationshipwith the rhizobium
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Explain the symbiotic aspect of nitrogen fixation.
- a. Symbiosis
- i. Bacteria infect the root through the root hairs
- ii. Once in root, they multiply
- 1. Need to be inside plant in order to multiply
- a. They are getting place where they can proliferate, while the plant gets fixed nitrogen
- iii. Once in, they form nodules
- iv. As they form nodules, they are fixing nitrogen that will be dumped out of soil that will be expelled from the organism
- b. Usable nitrogen in fertilizer
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