Integumentary System

What are the 4 distinct cell types found in the epidermis?  

What are the layers of the epidermis?

AKA: Stratum Germinativum, what skin layer of the epidermis is attached to the underlying dermis, is cell producing consisting of one layer of keratinocytes?

Know as the prickly layer of the epidermis due to desmosomes holding tightly to shrinking keratinocytes, Langerhans cells are most abundant in this layer.

The strongest and toughest layer of the epidermis contains keratohyaline and lamellar granules. Cell death begins in this layer due to keratinization.

What layer of the epidermis is a translucent band consisting of a few rows of dead keratinocytes and is found only in thick skin?

The outer layer of the epidermis, aka the horny layer offers protection preventing abrasion and penetration due to keratin and is also nearly water proof?

This cell makes up 90% of the epidermal cells it is found in the stratum basale and produces keratin. These cells undergo constant mitosis.

What is the cell that makes up 10-25% of the stratum basale, produces melanin and forms a pigment protecting shield for the keratinocytes?

This cell arises from bone marrow and migrates to the epidermis. It arms the immune system by introducing antigens and is most abundant in the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis.

what cell is a sensory receptor and found at the epidermal and dermal junction?

A dark pigment that determines skin and hair color, formed by cells called melanocytes.

fibrous protein found in skin, hair and nails, protects and water proofs.

when a cell begins to fill with keartin and cell death occurs this is called

Keratinocytes accumulate two different granules in the stratum granulosum layer, which one helps to form keratin in the upper layers?

keratinocytes accumulate two types of granules in the stratum granulosum layer which granule contains a water resistant glycolipid that fills extracellular spaces and slows H2O loss? 

A layer of CT that is mostly adipose tissue, considered the superficial fascia. stores fat reducing heat loss, anchors the skin to the underlying structures and acts as a shock absorber.

What region of the skin contains the two sublayers: Papillary layer and Recticular layer, it is made mostly of dense irregular CT and is vascularized apart from containing blood vessels it also contains nerves and nerve endings, glands and hair follicles?

What sub layer of the dermis is areolar CT and is located just below the epidermis and contains dermal papillae that protrudes into the epidermis?

What sub layer of the dermis is made up of dense irregular CT and makes up 80% of dermal thickness; this layer receives its nourishment from the cutaneous plexus which lies between this layer and the hypodermis.

What are the lines that occur at or near joints where the dermis is closely attached to the underlying fascia?

What are the invisible lines that represent separations between collagen? They run circular around the trunk and longitudinally around the head and libs

What are forms of Chemical Barriers? 

A chemical barrier that is a mixture of sweat and sebum on the surface of the skin is called what?

Skin is our barrier, what are forms of protection that it offers?

What is the oily fluid secreted by the sebaceous glands  that lubricates and softens the hair and skin, prevents hair from becoming brittle, slows water loss from skin when humidity is low and is bacterium killing?

What gland is found throughout the body with an exception of thick skin areas, secrets sebum and secretion is stimulated by hormones?

What gland is distributed over the entire body except nipples and parts of external genitalia? There are two types of this gland: Eccrine and Apocrine 

The sweat gland that produces true sweat and is the most numerous of sweat glands is know as what?

what system regulates sweating and its major role is to prevent the body from over heating?

The sweat gland that is confined to the axillary and anogenital areas within the hypodermis is know as what? They produce true sweat along with fatty substances and proteins and increase function during stress, sexual foreplay and menstrual cycles.

The modified aprocrine that is found in the external auditory canal and produces cerumin (ear wax) is known as what?

The modified aprocrine gland that secretes milk for nutrition for newborns is know as what?

What are the 3 layers of keratinized cells found in hair?

Structure of the hair that projects from the skin is known as what? (Keratinization is complete)

Structure of the hair that is embedded in the skin is known as what? (keratinization is ongoing)

Structure of the hair that is pouches of epidermis is known as what? This structure is located everywhere except palms,soles,lips,nipples and genitals.

deep end of the hair follicle, located within the dermis is know as what?

A knot of sensory nerve endings that wrap around each hair is know as what?

what is the arrector pili muscle?

Fine, delicate hairs of a fetus is known as what?

fine body hairs of children and adult women are know as what?

coarser hairs of eyebrows, scalp and pubic regions are known as what?

What 3 pigments contribute to skin color?

A partial thickness burn that injures only the superficial epidermis with no blister formation or scarring is what type of burn?

A partial thickness burn that injures the epidermis and some portion of the dermis and results in blister formation is what type of burn?

full thickness burn that injures the epidermis,dermis and hypodermis and results in no pain due to damaged nerve endings is what type of burn?

What is the immediate threat of burns and when does infection become a threat?