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Diluents + examples
- improve compressibility, flow, and inc bulk
- lactose
- microcrystalline cellulose
- mannitol
- dicalcium phosphate
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Binders + examples
- enhance compressibility
- polyvinyl pyrrolidone
- hypromalose
- starch paste
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disintegrant + examples
- facillitates break down of tablet
- water swellable: starch
- super disintegrants: cross-linked povidone, croscarmalose sodium, sodium starch glycolate
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lubricants + examples
- prevent tablet ticking to punches and cavities
- Mg stearate
- stearic acid
- talc
- sodium stearate fumarate
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glidants + examples
- improve flow
- colloidal silicone dioxide
- talk
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wetting agents + examples
- facilitates dissolution
- sodium laurel sulfate
- polysobate 20
- tween 80
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manufacturing method of wet granulation
- 1. blending
- 2. granulation with solvent
- 3. granulation
- 4. milling
- 5. final blending (milling)
- 6. compression
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manufacturing method of dry granulation
- 1. blending
- 2. compaction and slugging
- 3. milling
- 4. final blending (mixing)
- 5. compression
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agglomeration
used to enlarge size by bringing the particles together through addition of granulation liquid that forms capillary action
-
dry granulation
- roller compactor (counter rotating rollers, milling)
- slugging (tabs created and then crushed again - less common)
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wet granulation
- high shear granulator
- fluid bed granulator (top, bottom, and tangent spray granulators)
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types of blending
- rotating blenders: bin blender, V blender
- fixed shell blenders: (ribbon blenders)
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compression
- single station press: small scale, automatic or semiautomatic
- rotary compression press: large scale, automatic, uses a gravity or force feeder
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tablet defects
- picking and sticking
- capping (top comes off)
- lamination (when one part of the tablet expands before the other parts)
- chipping
- mottling (not well mixed)
-
disintegration testing
- glass tubes with 10 mesh at the bottom
- with or w/o sinker
- uncoated tablets should disintegrate in <15 min
-
friability testing
- mechanical shock
- diff in weight before and after 100 rotations
-
coating equipment
- standard coating pan
- perforated coating pan
- fluidized bed coater
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