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What is a breed?
animals that have come to resemble one another and pass those traits uniformly to their offspring
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What is a crossbred animal?
animal produced by crossing 2 or more breeds
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Heterosis
- where the offspring's performance is better than the parents averages
- (hybrid vigor)
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What is a purebred?
100% descent or acceptable representation of breed
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What is a composite breed?
breed made up of 3 or more breeds
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CASH
- Charolais
- Angus
- Shorthorn
- Hereford
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The three most important beef breeds
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Describe an angus
- hardy and adaptable
- black hided and polled
- english breed
- from Aberdine, Scotland
- maternal
- high IMF
- CAB
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Describe a hereford
- horned and polled
- English breed
- red body, white face
- efficient, low maintenance
- eye pigmentation is important
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Describe a simmental
- from Simme Valley, Switzerland
- triple purpose:beef, milk, draft
- originally called Fleck V's
- maternal
- higher maintenance
- use to be red and white
- poor structure
- bigger bone and foot circumference
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Describe a red angus.
- high IMF
- 1st beef breed to use performance testing:EPD: expected progeny difference
- red: due to recessive genes
- maternal
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Describe a Limousin
- terminal breed
- lim-flex
- black and red color
- big ribeye area
- low vertility
- volatile temperament
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Lim-flex
cross between Angus and Limousin
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Describe a Charolais.
- from France
- solid white
- late maturing
- grow fast
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Describe a Gelbvieh.
- from Germany
- used to be rust red
- very fertile
- efficient, grow well
- early maturing
- higher sheer force value
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Balancer
- Gerlbieh & Angus cross
- 1st crossbreed
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Brangus
- developed in US
- 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Angus
- hardy
- maternal
- disease resistant
- more skin and bigger ears
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Beefmaster
- Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn
- developed in US
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Shorthorn
- english breed
- maternal
- red, red/white, white, roan
- dual purpose: milk and meat
- common show ring breed
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Brahman
- "ear"
- skin folds
- hump
- white/steel color, red
- heat and disease resistance
- sexually late maturing
- India
- low quality grade
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Why are crossbreds rare in dairy?
Does not increase milk production
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Holstein
- #1 milk production
- #1 beef producing breed in US
- black and white/red and white
- soundness issues
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Jersey
- don't have as much milk
- higher butterfat levels
- light brown color, dark points
- smaller frame size
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Brown Swiss
- Switzerland
- brown mousy color
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Guernsey
- red, white, brindle, fawn color
- higher concentration of beta carotene
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Ayrshire
good utter conformation
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Milking shorthorn
- dual purpose
- white, red, roan
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Names for ram breed
- meat breed
- terminal
- black faced breed
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Other terms for ewe breed
- wool breed
- maternal
- white faced breeds
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Characteristics of sheep
- wool
- color of face
- size
- horned or polled
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Corriedale
- ewe breed
- New Zealand
- white
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Finnsheep
- ewe breed
- prolific: lots of offspring
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Merino
- ewe breed
- from Spain
- Spanish merinos
- highest quality wool
- SRS: Soft rolling skin
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Rambouillet
- CAM the Ram
- France bred
- spanish merino decent
- next best wool to Merino
- flocking ability
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Targhee
developed in US at research service in Idaho
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The ewe breeds
- Targhee
- Rambouillet
- Finnsheep
- Merino
- Corriedale
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Ram Breeds
- Hampshire
- Oxford
- Shropshire
- Southdown
- Suffolk
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Hampshire
- ram breed
- muscular
- grow fast
- wool cap
- wool on legs
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Oxford
- similar to hampshire
- ram breed
- muscular
- grow fast
- puffball on head
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Shropshire
- ram breed
- similar to hampshire and oxford
- smaller framed
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Southdown
- oldest breed registry in USA
- small breed
- have short ears with wool on them
- GREY MOUSY FACE
- low maintenance
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Suffolk
- most popular breed in US
- black faced
- large framed
- big muscled
- good carcass
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Dual-purpose sheep breeds
- columbia
- dorset
- lincoln
- dorper
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Columbia
- white chalky face, white body
- created in US
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Dorset
- breed out of season
- horned and polled
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Lincoln
- long wool breed
- coarse fibered
- carpet type material
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Yorkshire
- erect ears
- white
- mother breed
- most popular
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Duroc
- terminal breed
- growth
- high IMF
- bright copper to dark cherry red
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Hampshire
- belted breed
- black with white belt
- erect ear
- terminal breed
- muscle
- bad structural correctness
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Landrace
- floppy ears
- white
- long body
- maternal
- prolific
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Berkshire
- erect ears
- higher IMF: best job
- high export breed
- black bodied, 6 white marks
- lots of sub Q back fat
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Spots
- terminal
- forward ears
- poor temperament
- quick maturing
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Chester white
- maternal
- white
- down ears
- smaller eared and shorter than landrace
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