Livestock Breeds

  1. What is a breed?
    animals that have come to resemble one another and pass those traits uniformly to their offspring
  2. What is a crossbred animal? 
    animal produced by crossing 2 or more breeds
  3. Heterosis
    • where the offspring's performance is better than the parents averages 
    • (hybrid vigor)
  4. What is a purebred?
    100% descent or acceptable representation of breed
  5. What is a composite breed?
    breed made up of 3 or more breeds
  6. CASH
    • Charolais
    • Angus
    • Shorthorn
    • Hereford
  7. "ear"
    floppy ear
  8. The three most important beef breeds
    • Angus
    • hereford
    • simmental
  9. Describe an angus
    • hardy and adaptable
    • black hided and polled
    • english breed
    • from Aberdine, Scotland
    • maternal
    • high IMF
    • CAB
  10. Describe a hereford
    • horned and polled
    • English breed
    • red body, white face
    • efficient, low maintenance
    • eye pigmentation is important
  11. Describe a simmental
    • from Simme Valley, Switzerland
    • triple purpose:beef, milk, draft
    • originally called Fleck V's
    • maternal
    • higher maintenance
    • use to be red and white
    • poor structure
    • bigger bone and foot circumference
  12. Describe a red angus.
    • high IMF
    • 1st beef breed to use performance testing:EPD: expected progeny difference
    • red: due to recessive genes
    • maternal
  13. Describe a Limousin
    • terminal breed
    • lim-flex
    • black and red color
    • big ribeye area
    • low vertility
    • volatile temperament
  14. Lim-flex
    cross between Angus and Limousin
  15. Describe a Charolais.
    • from France
    • solid white
    • late maturing 
    • grow fast
  16. Describe a Gelbvieh.
    • from Germany
    • used to be rust red
    • very fertile
    • efficient, grow well
    • early maturing
    • higher sheer force value
  17. Balancer
    • Gerlbieh & Angus cross
    • 1st crossbreed
  18. Brangus
    • developed in US
    • 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Angus
    • hardy 
    • maternal
    • disease resistant
    • more skin and bigger ears
  19. Beefmaster
    • Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn
    • developed in US
  20. Shorthorn
    • english breed
    • maternal
    • red, red/white, white, roan
    • dual purpose: milk and meat
    • common show ring breed
  21. Brahman
    • "ear"
    • skin folds
    • hump
    • white/steel color, red
    • heat and disease resistance
    • sexually late maturing
    • India
    • low quality grade
  22. Why are crossbreds rare in dairy?
    Does not increase milk production
  23. Holstein
    • #1 milk production
    • #1 beef producing breed in US
    • black and white/red and white
    • soundness issues
  24. Jersey
    • don't have as much milk
    • higher butterfat levels
    • light brown color, dark points
    • smaller frame size
  25. Brown Swiss
    • Switzerland
    • brown mousy color
  26. Guernsey
    • red, white, brindle, fawn color
    • higher concentration of beta carotene
  27. Ayrshire
    good utter conformation
  28. Milking shorthorn
    • dual purpose
    • white, red, roan
  29. Names for ram breed
    • meat breed
    • terminal
    • black faced breed
  30. Other terms for ewe breed
    • wool breed
    • maternal
    • white faced breeds
  31. Characteristics of sheep
    • wool
    • color of face
    • size
    • horned or polled
  32. Corriedale
    • ewe breed
    • New Zealand
    • white
  33. Finnsheep
    • ewe breed
    • prolific: lots of offspring
  34. Merino
    • ewe breed
    • from Spain
    • Spanish merinos
    • highest quality wool
    • SRS: Soft rolling skin
  35. Rambouillet
    • CAM the Ram
    • France bred
    • spanish merino decent
    • next best wool to Merino
    • flocking ability
  36. Targhee
    developed in US at research service in Idaho
  37. The ewe breeds
    • Targhee
    • Rambouillet
    • Finnsheep
    • Merino
    • Corriedale
  38. Ram Breeds
    • Hampshire
    • Oxford
    • Shropshire
    • Southdown
    • Suffolk
  39. Hampshire
    • ram breed
    • muscular
    • grow fast
    • wool cap
    • wool on legs
  40. Oxford
    • similar to hampshire
    • ram breed
    • muscular
    • grow fast
    • puffball on head
  41. Shropshire
    • ram breed
    • similar to hampshire and oxford
    • smaller framed
  42. Southdown
    • oldest breed registry in USA
    • small breed
    • have short ears with wool on them
    • GREY MOUSY FACE
    • low maintenance
  43. Suffolk
    • most popular breed in US
    • black faced
    • large framed
    • big muscled
    • good carcass
  44. Dual-purpose sheep breeds
    • columbia
    • dorset
    • lincoln
    • dorper
  45. Columbia
    • white chalky face, white body
    • created in US
  46. Dorset
    • breed out of season
    • horned and polled
  47. Lincoln
    • long wool breed
    • coarse fibered
    • carpet type material
  48. Dorper
    • hair sheep
    • muscle
  49. Yorkshire
    • erect ears
    • white
    • mother breed
    • most popular
  50. Duroc
    • terminal breed
    • growth
    • high IMF
    • bright copper to dark cherry red
  51. Hampshire
    • belted breed
    • black with white belt
    • erect ear
    • terminal breed
    • muscle
    • bad structural correctness
  52. Landrace
    • floppy ears
    • white
    • long body
    • maternal
    • prolific
  53. Berkshire
    • erect ears
    • higher IMF: best job
    • high export breed
    • black bodied, 6 white marks
    • lots of sub Q back fat
  54. Spots
    • terminal
    • forward ears
    • poor temperament
    • quick maturing
  55. Chester white
    • maternal
    • white
    • down ears
    • smaller eared and shorter than landrace
Author
llwelp
ID
200213
Card Set
Livestock Breeds
Description
The breeds and basic things to know about the common breeds in the US
Updated