Anatomy Chapter 2

Considered to be the basic units of matter.
Composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons

The core of each atom in a nucleus composed of positivly charged protons and uncharged neutrons

The number of protons in the nucleus is an atom's __________

The number of protons and neutrons combined is the atom's _________

Electrons keep darting about within certain limits called orbitals.  Each orbital implies that their electrons move around in elliptical orbits.

Orbitals are arranged into energy levels (shells) depending on their distance from the nucleus.  The farther an orbital extends from the nucleus, the higher its energy level is.

Pure substances, composed of only one of more than a hundred types of atoms that exist in nature

Particles of matter that are composed of one of units called atoms

Anything that occuoies space and has mass.  Including molecules and atoms.

A steroid lipid that combine with phospholipids.  Also a starting point in making steroid hormones i.e. estrogen testosterone, and cortisone

Similar to triglycerides, but contain phosphorus.  The "head" attracts water and the 2 fatty acid "tails" repel water

Lipids that bonds can be broken apart to yeild energy.  Useful in storing energy.

Fats and oils

carbon and water compounds

Chemicals in the blood that maintain pH

Compunds that produce an excess of OH- ions (or a decrease in H+)

Compunds that produce an excess of H+ ions

Water disrupts the bonds in large molecules, causing them to be broken down into smaller molecules

Reactants combine only after two (H) atoms and an (O) atom are removed

When water is the solvent for a mixture of two or more kinds of molecules

Water is the most common solvent in which most other compounds are disolved

Few inorganic compounds have carbon atoms and none has C-C or C-H bonds

Compounds composed of molecules that contain (C-C) covalent bonds, (C-H) or both

Water Molecules form temporary attatchments

When atoms share electrons

Molecules that form ions when dissolved in water

Molecules dissolving in water

Forms between an atom that has only 1 or 2 electrons on the outermost level

Two or more elements bonded together

Plays on important energy-transfer role in the body.
Energy-transfer "battery" that picks up energy available to the cellular process

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Are chemical catalysts
Help a chemical reaction occur, but are not reactants or products themselves.  They participate in chemical reactions but are not changed by the recations

The basic building blocks of nucleic acids.  Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate unit, a sugar, and a nitrogen base.

Lipid molecules formed by a glycerol until joined to three fatty acids.  Their bonds can be broken apart to yeild energy.

A steroid lipid that combines with phospholipids in the cell membrane to help stabilize its bilayer structure

Bonds that string together and hold amino acids

Basic units that make up protines
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and 02 and nitrogen

Anterior torso below diaphragm

Have phosphorus containing units in them.
Forms a "head" that attracts water.  Two "fatty acid" tails repel water.
This allows them to form a stable bilayer in water that forms the foundation for the cell membrane