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Considered to be the basic units of matter.
Composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons
Atoms
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The core of each atom in a nucleus composed of positivly charged protons and uncharged neutrons
Nucleus
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The number of protons in the nucleus is an atom's __________
Atomic Number
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The number of protons and neutrons combined is the atom's _________
Atomic Mass
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Electrons keep darting about within certain limits called orbitals. Each orbital implies that their electrons move around in elliptical orbits.
Orbitals
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Orbitals are arranged into energy levels (shells) depending on their distance from the nucleus. The farther an orbital extends from the nucleus, the higher its energy level is.
energy levels
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Pure substances, composed of only one of more than a hundred types of atoms that exist in nature
Elements
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Particles of matter that are composed of one of units called atoms
Molecules
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Anything that occuoies space and has mass. Including molecules and atoms.
Matter
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A steroid lipid that combine with phospholipids. Also a starting point in making steroid hormones i.e. estrogen testosterone, and cortisone
Cholestrol
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Similar to triglycerides, but contain phosphorus. The "head" attracts water and the 2 fatty acid "tails" repel water
Phospholipids
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Lipids that bonds can be broken apart to yeild energy. Useful in storing energy.
Triglycerides
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carbon and water compounds
Carbohydrate
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Chemicals in the blood that maintain pH
Buffers
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Compunds that produce an excess of OH- ions (or a decrease in H+)
Bases
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Compunds that produce an excess of H+ ions
acids
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Water disrupts the bonds in large molecules, causing them to be broken down into smaller molecules
Hydrolysis
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Reactants combine only after two (H) atoms and an (O) atom are removed
Dehydration synthesis
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When water is the solvent for a mixture of two or more kinds of molecules
Aqueous Solution
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Water is the most common solvent in which most other compounds are disolved
Solvent
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Few inorganic compounds have carbon atoms and none has C-C or C-H bonds
Inorganic
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Compounds composed of molecules that contain (C-C) covalent bonds, (C-H) or both
Organic
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Water Molecules form temporary attatchments
Hydrogen Bonds
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When atoms share electrons
Covalent Bond
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Molecules that form ions when dissolved in water
electrolytes
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Molecules dissolving in water
Dissociate
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Forms between an atom that has only 1 or 2 electrons on the outermost level
Ionic Bonds
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Two or more elements bonded together
Compunds
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Plays on important energy-transfer role in the body.
Energy-transfer "battery" that picks up energy available to the cellular process
Adenosine Triphosphate
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA
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Are chemical catalysts
Help a chemical reaction occur, but are not reactants or products themselves. They participate in chemical reactions but are not changed by the recations
Enzymes
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The basic building blocks of nucleic acids. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate unit, a sugar, and a nitrogen base.
Nucleotides
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Lipid molecules formed by a glycerol until joined to three fatty acids. Their bonds can be broken apart to yeild energy.
Triglycerides
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A steroid lipid that combines with phospholipids in the cell membrane to help stabilize its bilayer structure
Cholesterol
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Bonds that string together and hold amino acids
Peptide Bonds
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Basic units that make up protines
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and 02 and nitrogen
Amino Acids
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Anterior torso below diaphragm
Abdominal Region
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Have phosphorus containing units in them.
Forms a "head" that attracts water. Two "fatty acid" tails repel water.
This allows them to form a stable bilayer in water that forms the foundation for the cell membrane
Phospholipids
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