Pharm Exam 1 Review

Which 1st generation Cephalosporin is used as single dose prophylaxis for surgical coverage?

Which Cephalosporins are resistant to PCNase and are a good PCN G substitute?

Which Cephalosporin is used as tx for N. gonorrhea and CAN be used with renal impairment?

What is the BROADEST sprectrum Beta-Lactam, which is used when there is resistance to 3rd/4th generation Cephs?

What combination of drugs allows for better function of a Beta-Lactam by inhibiting Beta-lactamase?

What is the MoA of Vancomycin?

What is the coverage of Vancomycin?

If giving an antibx via IV infusion and the pt. develops Red Man Syndrome, what drug is being infused?

What cell wall inhibiting antibx is used mostly topically due to systemic nephrotoxicity?

What antibx is used with resistant Gram+ infections (MSSA, MRSA, VRE)?

What is the MoA of FQ’s?

What is a major adverse effect of FQ’s?

Which FQ is active against BOTH pseudomonas and Anthrax (as well as aerobic Gram-)?

Which FQ is considered a “respiratory FQ” that is active against S. pneumniae?

What is the MoA of Sulfamethoxazole?

Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, and Macrolides all have what in common?

Bind to the 30s subunit of the ribosome?

Bind to the 50s subunit of the ribosome?

Why is the use of Tetracycline contraindicated in pediatric pts.?

A pt. comes in with a tick borne illness (RMSF, Lyme) what antibx is used as 1st line tx?

Which antibx has the same coverage as PCN and is used as a substitute w/ PCN allergy?

Due to the adverse effects of anemia, Gray Baby syndrome, GI upset, and superinfections which drug is LIMITED to life threatening infections?

Which antibiotic MUST be monitored due to ototoxicity/nephrotoxicity?

Used to tx Upper Resp Inf?

Used to tx Strep. pharyngitis?

Used to tx bacterial UTIs?

Neisseria, E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella, H. flu, M. Cat all = ?

Staph, Strep, Clostridium all = ?

PCN, Cephalosporins, Monobactams, Carbapenems all =?

What is the antibx of choice for Group A Strep/Syphilis?

Which PCN is active against P. aeruginosa, Kelbsiella, and Bacteroides?

What type of HA is classified by severe, sharp, stabbing, unilateral pain of short duration?

What is the acute abortive tx for Cluster HA’s?

What is the prophylactic tx for Cluster HA’s?

Dosing for Acetaminophen (Tylenol)?

Dosing for Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)?

Dosing for Sumatriptan (Imitrex)?

Dosing for Butorphanol Nasal Spray (Stadol)?

Which HA is characterized by pain shooting form mouth to ipsilateral eye/ear/nose?

1st line tx for Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Tx for TMJ disorders?

Used for a severe HA with N/V?

Contains acetaminophen/aspirin/caffeine?

Provides sedation and muscle relaxation for tension HA?

Non-selective 5HT1 receptor agonist that constricts intracranial blood vessels and is tx for moderatesevere MHA and Cluster HA?

#1 side effect of ergot derivatives?

NEVER give ergots within 24 hours of what?

5HT2 antagonist used for refractory HA?

1st line tx for moderate to severe migraines/rescue therapy?

How frequently can Triptans be taken?

When are opiods indicated as tx for HA?

Na+ channel/Ca+ channel blockade, GABA actions (increase Cl- channel opening), and inhibition of glutamate areall tx for what?

Works by blocking Na+ channels and is used for partial or tonic-clonic seizures?

Work by augmenting GABA which increases Cl- channel openings and decreasing neuronal firing?

Used to tx status epilepticus and as adjunctive tx?

This GABA augmenting drug has a Black Box warning of Hepatic Failure, Pancreatitis, and Teratogenicity?

This drug inhibits Ca+ channels and is used with Absence Seizures?

Used for neuropathic pain?

Has multiple mechanisms and is given as a loading dose for Status Epilepticus?

Used for tonic-clonic partial seizures?

Used for absence seizures?

Used for Myoclonic seizures?

Combination of lidocaine and prilocaine used prior to minor procedures (Derm, genital lesions)?

Inhibits Substance P, from peppers, and requires regular use for benefit?

Muscle relaxant used for tx of spasticity associated with MS or spinal cord lesions?

Medications to improve cognition?

A NMDA receptor antagonist used for moderate to severe Alzheimer’s by blocking toxic effect of excess glutamate?

A cholinesterase inhibitor used in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s?

Initial treatment for Parkinson’s, delays the need to start Levodopa and decreases motor fluctuations for first 5 years?

A COMT inhibitor that prevents the degradation of levodopa and decreases the “off time” significantly?

Used for the tx of Parkinson’s when the symptoms begin interfering with life?

Added to Levodopa to block the conversion to dopamine in the periphery?

Why must the Sinemet dose/frequency be increased over time?

Why would you use MAO-B inhibitors as a tx of Parkinson’s?

Anticoagulant that interferes with Vit. K synthesis (coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X)?

Injectable anticoagulant which increases the action of antithrombin III (coag. factors IX, I, XI, XII)?

Antiplatelet vasodilator that inhibits activity of adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase (decreases platelet aggregation)?

Used for stroke prevention when patient is intolerant to Aspirin?

Antiplatelet that blocks ADP receptors and prevents fibrinogen binding and is used in pts. with established PAD for prevention of MI/Stroke?

Antiplatelet that blocks PG synthetase which prevents formation of thromboxane A2 (actions on hypothalamus decrease fever!)?

Three important things used for STROKE prevention?

IV thrombolytic that is the tx of CHOICE for acute stroke or AMI?

Used for ADD/ADHD and narcolepsy by increasing catecholamines in the CNS?

Withdrawal effects of Nicotine?

Caffeine is what kind of drug?

What is the tx for mycobacteria meningitis?

Most common cause of aseptic meningitis?

Tx for aseptic meningitis?

What is the appropriate age for Hib vaccine?

Peds. 11-12, high school age (if not at 12oya), college freshmen in dorms, microbiologists, military, people living in Africa, pt. with splenectomy/immune disorder, and exposed pts. are all eligible for what vaccine?

What class of antibiotics has a black box warning for neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity?

What antibx is used in the case of a CSF leak, and basilar skull fracture (S. pneumo, H. flu)?

What steriod is used with adults with pneumococcal meningitis 10-20 minutes to 1st antibx dose?

For the treatment of osteomyelitis what are the 3 steps of treatment?

What drug is used as a nasal spray for the treatment of osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, and Padget’s disease? What is it’s MoA?

What is a treatment option for post-menopausal women with osteoporosis who cannot take estrogen?

In the case of a woman with osteoporosis, what is HRT tx option if she has had a hysterectomy? if she has an intact uterus?

What is the dosage of Fosamax in the tx of osteoporosis?

What is the dosage of Boniva in the tx of osteoporosis?

What is the proper administration of bisphosphonates (Boniva, Fosamax) in the treatment of osteoporosis?

What is the FIRST LINE tx for osteoporosis?

What is the proper doasage for daily supplementation of Vit. D?

What is the best supplement for osteoporosis prevention? Dose?

What is the most common cause of drug induced osteoporosis?

What is an opiate antagonist that is effective QUICKLY (~30seconds) and is useful for emergent OD tx?

What drugs are used for controlled detox from opiates?

What synthetic opiod is used for analgesic purposes as injection in post-op and labor/delivery?

What synthetic opiod is best for women in labor as it is less likely to prolong labor?

What drug works by hyperpolarizing cells, decreasing neuronal firing, presynaptic inhibition, and decreasing the release of substance P?

Which opiate receptor involves PAIN relief and respiratory depression?

Which opiate receptor has sedative actions?

What is the initial therapy of choice for RA? Dosage?

What drugs are used in the treatment of RA for pts who have not responded adequately to MTX?

What is the drug of choice for the tx of RA in the case of potential pregnancy?

What are the most common causes of drug-induced Lupus?

What is an immunosuppressant drug use for the treatment of both SLE and RA?

What are the major side effects of Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine*)?

What is the NSAID drug of choice for acute Gout? Dose?

What is the MoA of uricosuric medications?

What is an adverse effect common to uricosurics (Probenecid, Benemid*)?

What is the drug of choice in patients with a hx of urinary stones or impaired renal function as prevention for acute gout?