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- author "me"
- tags ""
- description "Arthropods & Echinoderms"
- fileName "Zoology review 3"
- freezingBlueDBID -1.0
- What are the general characteristics of the phylum Arthropods?
- 1) Bilateral symmetry
- 2) Triploblastic cellular level
- 3) Coelomate body cavity
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What are the unify characteristics of Arthropods?
- 1) Segmented bodies
- 2) jointed appendages
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Do Arthropods have a open or closed circulation?
Open
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Do Arthropods have a complete or incomplete digestive system?
Complete
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Arthropods typically repoduce
Dioecious and dimorphic
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What are some examples of Arthropods sensory structures?
- 1) compound eye
- 2) very alert to their environment/nitch
- 3) structures for touch, smell, balance chemical reception
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What are the 5 subphyla. Of Arthropods (know examples of organism with each group)?
- 1) Trilobita- All species extinct
- 2) Chelicerata- spiders, ticks, horse shoe crabs
- 3) Crustacea- shrimp, crayfish, crab
- 4) Myriapoda- centipedes, millipedes
- 5) Hexapoda- insects
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What are the 3 classes of subphyla Chelicerata?
- 1) Arachnida- spiders, ticks, scorpions
- 2) Merostomata- giant water scorpions (extinct)
- 3) Pycnogondia- sea spiders
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How do members of Chelicerata differ from other Arthropods?
They have no antennae
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What is Hexapoda 1 main class?
Insecta
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Hexapodas were the first animal to do what?
Fly
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What is subphyla Myriapoda 2 classes?
- 1) Diplopoda- millipedes- non threatening
- 2) Chilopoda- cenipedes- agressive
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What are the characteristics of the subphyla Trilobite?
- 1) 3 body lobes
- 2) all extinct
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What are the 3 types of metamorphosis among Arthropods?
- 1) Amatobolis- none- look like parents
- 2) Hemimatabolis- partial
- 3) Halotabolis- complete
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What is a pro and con if metamorphosis?
- Pro:
- If thhey do t look like their parents then no competition food
- Con:
- Have to build up alot of energy
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What are some examples for each larva form ( aquatic vs. terrestrial )?
- 1) Nymphs- terrestial- grasshopper
- 2) Naiads- aquatic- dragonflies
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What are the different types of pupal form?
- 1) pupa- mosquitoes
- 2) cocoon- moths
- 3) chrysalis- butterflies
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What adaptations do Arthropods have to prevent dessication?
- 1) Epicutical makes waxy and varnish layer
- 2) ability to close spiracle
- 3) fluid is extracted from food and fecal material
- 4) matabolism allows production of water
- 5) may enter duapause/hybornation
- 6) exoskeleton
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What are the 2 main appendage types?
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Which subphyla has which locomotion appendage type?
- 1) Uniramoud- insects, myriapods
- 2) Biramous- crustacea, chelicerata
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What are the different methods of respiration? ( terrestrial and aquatic )
- 1) Terrestrial- tracheal system
- 2) Aquatic- various forms of gills
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What are the 2 main feeding structures?
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Which subphylum uses which feeding structures?
- 1) Chelicerae- crustacea, chelicerata
- 2) Mandible- insects, myriapods
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What are the benefits if having a exoskeleton?
- 1) structure support
- 2) protection
- 3) joint cuticle- allows mobility
- 4) system of levers for muscle attachment and movement
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What are the pro of insects to humans?
- 1) products- honey, wax, silk
- 2)pollination of plants
- 3) biological control
- 4) turn soil, promote decaying prosses
- 5) important to food webs
- 6) studied by scientists
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What are some con of insect and humans?
- 1) some are parasites
- 2) some carry harmful disease
- 3) feed on crops and transmit plant diseasea
- 4) some are poisonous to humans
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Why are Arthropods such a successful group of animals?
- 1) exoskelton
- 2) metomophosis
- 3) ability to adapt
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Why are insects such a successful group of animals?
Ability to fly
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What are the social group hierarchy?
- 1) complex societies with division of labor
- 2) based on castle differentiation
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What are the role of each ant colony member?
- 1) Queen - controls colony, only reproductive female
- 2) Drones - fertile males that mate with queen
- 3) Workers - sterile females who father food and care for young
- 4) Soldiers - protect and defend colony
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What are the general characteristics of the phylum Echinoderms?
- 1) Pentaradial symmetry
- 2) Triploblastic cellular level
- 3) coelomate body cavity
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Do Echinoderms have a open or closed circulatory system?
Water vascular system
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Do Echinoderms have a complete ir incomplete digestion?
Complete
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How do Echinoderms reproduce?
Dioeciouse
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What is the flow of water through the water vascular system?
- 1) madreporite
- 2) stone canal
- 3) ring canal
- 4) radial canal
- 5) lateral canal
- 6) tube feet
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What is the benefit of pentaradial symmetry?
- 1) stronger body structure
- 2) uniform distribution of sensory and feeding structures
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Open vs. Pyloris stomach
- 1) (Open) Cardiac stomach - stomach that comes out of body
- 2) Pyloris stomach - act as digestive gland
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What are the 5 classes, examples, and characteristics of Echinoderms?
- 1) Crinodea - sea lilies - mouth and anus present on oral surface
- 2) Opniuroidea - brittle star - tube feet not used for locomotion
- 3) Echinodea - sea urchins - movable spines
- 4) Asrerodies - sea stars - broad arms, indistinct from central disc
- 5) Holothuroudea - sea cucumber - body soft and cylindrical and without arms
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What are the unify characteristics of the phylum Echinoderms?
- 1) prickly skin
- 2) water vascular system
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Androgenic gland
Hormones used to regulate molting, reproduction, metabolism, and heart rate
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Bioluminescence
Emission of light by living organism
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Biramous
Having 2 branches appendages on arthropods
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Carspace
Dorsal ( upper) section of exoskeleton
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Chitin
Exoskeleton tough protective laye
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Chromatophores
Light reflecting organelles
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Ecdysis
Molting shedding exoskeleton
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Epicuticle
Outer layer on skeleton of arthropods
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Exoskeleton
Hard outer covering of animal
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Gonopods
1st pair swimmeretes uses in reproduction
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Innate behavior
Not learned, controlled behavior, very organized activities
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Metamerism
Segmentation of body parts, similar to annelids
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Pheramones
Chemicals released to attract a mate
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Procuticle
Thick layer below epicutical
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Spiracle
External opening to tracheal system
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Swimmerets
Appendages used for locomotion
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Tagma
Ex head thorax and abdomen, segmants fused into functional groups
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Tagmatization
Specialization of body segment for particular function
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Telson
Projection that protects young and eggs
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Uropoda
Tail like paddle for swift movement backwards
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Aboral
Side furtgest from mouth ( butt)
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Ambulacral groove
Contains the tube feet
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Autotomy
Casting off body parts for ability to get away from predator
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Cloaca
Chamber to release all fluids ( chicken)
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Lateral canal
Connects between radial canal and tube feet
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Matreporite
Opening to outside of the body
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Ossicles
Calsium plate of exoskeleton
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Papulae
Dermal branch or skin gills, used for respiration and waste removal
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Pedicellariae
Pincher like tiny jaws manipulated by muscles
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Pentaradial
Radial symmetry bases on 5 symmetry division
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Radial canal
Allows water flow from ring canal to lateral canal
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Regeneration
Regrow body parts
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Respiratory tree
Feather, gill like structures in sea cucumbers for gas exchange
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Ring canal
Attached to radial canal connects to ambulacral groove of each ray
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Stone canal
Connects madreporite opening to ring canal
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Test
Endoskeleton of echinoids
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Tube feet
Extension of the canal system ured for locomotion
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