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- author "me"
- tags ""
- description ""
- fileName "Zoology review 4"
- freezingBlueDBID -1.0
- Benthic
- Filter feeders
- Latteraly flattened and translucent
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Craniata
Skull encloses brain and sensory structures
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What are the 3 subphylum of chordata
- Urochordata
- Cephalochordata
- Vertebrata
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What is an example and characteristics of the subphyla Urochordata?
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What is an example and characteristics of the subphylum cephalochordata?
- Lanceletes, Amphioxus
- Head and tail
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What is an example and characteristics of the subphylum Vertebrata?
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What are the 5 characteristics of all Chordata?
- Presence of a notochord
- Dorsal tubular nerve cord
- Phargngeal slits or pouches
- Endostyle
- Post anal tail
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What is the importance of a notochord
Supportive rod, runs down body like tail or din (tailbone)
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What is the importance of a tubular nerve cord?
Controls senses and body function
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What is the importance of pharangealgeal slits?
- Filter feeding
- Gas exchange
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What is the importance of endosyle?
Matabolism (thyroid gland)
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What is the importance of a postanal tail?
Noto bast anus
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What are the 5 classes of fish?
- Myxini
- Petromyzontida
- Chondrichtheyes
- Actinopterygii
- Sarcopterygii
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What is an example of myxini?
Hangfish
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What is an example of petromyzontida?
Lamprey
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What is an example of chondrichtheyes?
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What is an example of actinopterygii?
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What is an example of sareopterygii?
- Lobed-finned fish
- Lung fish
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Reproduction of fish
- Oviparous
- External fertilization
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Sensory perception
- Lateral lines
- Excellent eyes
- Ampulla of lorenzini
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What are the characteristics of Agnathan?
- Lack of jaws
- Internal cssification scales
- Paired fins
- Have pore (like gill opening)
- Eel like nodies
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What are the characteristics of Gnathostomata?
- Jawed fish with paired appendages
- Jaws evolved from anterior pairs of skeleton support for the gill slits
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Adaptations to life/ locomotion in water.
- Streamline body shape
- Muscoid secretion lubricated body
- Tail fin is tail or forked
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Viviparous
Embryo receives nourishment from the maternal blood stream from secretions of mothee
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Oviparous
Lays eggs shorty after fertilization.
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Ovoviviparous
Retaining development of young in uterus
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Osmoregulation of marine and fresh water fish?
- Regulation of internal concentrating of salts and water
- Fresh- loss ions too much water
- Marine-too many ions loss if water
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What are the 3 tail types?
- Hetercercal- shortburst
- Homocercal- fast swimmers
- Diphycercal - average
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What was a major development in vertebrate evolution and how it is nelieved to be formed?
Jaws- formed from first pair of pharyngeal gill arches
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Pro/con of parental care
Pro- increase chances of offspring survival
Con- greater energy expenditure and a risk to the parent
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Armocoetes
Lampry larvae form
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Ampulla of lorenzini
Electroreceptors that pick up on bioelectric fields surrounding prey
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Claspers
Modified structures that assist in reproduction
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Countershading
Camouflage
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Electoreception
Detection of minute electrical currents produced across the cell membrane of the prey
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Endochondral bone
Bone in the skeleton or scales that replace cartilage developmentally
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Lateral line system
Detects low frequency vibrations in the water. Helps sharks locate prey
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Myomeres
More power and finer control. Large body movement
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Operculum
A movable flap covering each gill that can pump water over the gills. Allowing fish to stay stationary
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Placoid scales
Teeth and skin modification in sharks
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Spiracles
Serve as modified gill slits that open into the pharynx,and 5 pairs of gill slits
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Squalene
Compound found in shark liver oil
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Swim bladder
Gas filled chamber aids in sinking or floting
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What are the 3 orders of amphibia
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What is an example of urodela?
Salamaders- passes a tail through out life
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What is an example of Gymonophiona?
Carcilians- legless wormlike
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What is an example of Anura
Fros,toads- tied to water,first true animal to exhibit a true tonge
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Sensory preception
Lateral line system
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Reproduction of amphibia
- Internal fertilization
- Some give birth others lay eggs
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Adaptations to terrestrial life (amphibia)
Skeleton modification: flattened skull,fewer bones than fish flexible
Skin secretion prevent drying, producing toxins aids in molting
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Origin of Tetrapods
Air filled cavities ( swim bladder) and onternal nares
Bony paired fins- provided support and movement on land
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How do Amphilbia prevent desiccation?
- 1) Nocturnal behavior
- 2) Habitat with high humidity
- 3) Reduce body surface exposed to air
- 4) Skin can absorb water on moist surface
- 5) Temporary store water from bladder a lymph sacs
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Amphibia ectothermic vs endothermic
Ectothermuc- rely on environment for temperature control
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How do amphibia regulate body temperature
Bask in sun or on warm surface after meals
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Discribe the skin of amphibians
Thin requires moisture
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Function os amphibia skin pro/con
- Pro- thin enough to breath threw
- Con- drys out fast
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Osmpregulation
How to regulate water
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Osmoregulation of aquatic/terrestrial amphibians
Kidneys same as fish
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Feeding habits
More of a bite useing tonge
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Amphibia methods for breathing
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Amphibia was the first to have what?
Tetrapods
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Amplexus
Male grabs female during reproduction
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Buccal pump
Aids in breathing hold in air
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Buccopharyngeal respiration
Respitory gas exchange across vascularized membrane of the mouth
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Cutaneous respiration
Vascular nets in skin gor respiration of oxygen and carbon deoxide with the external environment
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Metamorphosis
The change from young to adult
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Tetrapod
Four limber vertebrea
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What r the 4 orders of reptiles
- Testudines
- Squamata
- Sephenodonta
- Crocodylia
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What is an example of testudines
Turtles
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What is an example of squamata
Snakes, lizards
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What is an example of sphenodonta
Tuataras
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What is an example of crocodylia
Crocodiles
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Sensory perception of Reptilia
Jacobs organ, pit organ, pridal eyes, vibrations
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Reproduction in reptilia
Internal fertilization
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Reptilia were first to produce what
Amniotic eggs
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Global distribution of Tuataras
New Zealand
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Ectothermic vs endothermic among reptilia
Ectothermic external heat collection
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4 extraembryotic membranes (structures inside egg)
- 1) yolk sac
- 2) embryon
- 3) coreon
- 4) allantace
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Autotomy
Loose apendages to run away
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Jacobsons organ
Pouches found in some reptiles
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Pit organ
Heat- sensitive organ on each side of the eye and nostril
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Kinetic skull
Able to stretch to eat
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How do reptilia keep from loosing water
Lipids in thick skin
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Secondary palate
- Allows crocs to hold breath
- Protects brain
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Plastron
Bottom of turtals shell
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Keratin
Shingle like skin overlapping body covering
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Median perietal eye
Found on Tuatares believed to aid in detection of threat
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