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ulna:
lower arm inside bone
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radius:
lower arm outside bone
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metacarpals:
bone located in the palm area
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phalanges (hand):
14 per hand (fingers)
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os coxae:
the combined three bones that make up the pelvic girdle
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tibia:
larger inside bone of the lower leg
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fibula:
smaller outside bone of the lower leg
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metatarsals:
bones in the foot from calcaueus to tow tips
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phalanges (foot):
14 in each foot (toe bones)
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talus:
ankle bone second largest of the tarsal bones
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calcaneus:
heel bone (largest tarsal bone)
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articulation:
union between two or more bones
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joint:
formation of multiple bones
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synarthrosis:
joint that has no movement
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syndesmosis:
connected by ligaments between bones
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gomphosis:
conical process I a socket (teeth)
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ampihiarthrosis:
a joint with slight movement
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symphysis:
connected be a disk of fibrocartilage
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diarthrosis:
this joint allows free movement
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extension:
straightening joint
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dorsiflexion:
raising the toes
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plantar extension:
lowering the toes
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elevation:
moving a body part in a superior direction
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depression:
moving a body part in a inferior direction
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abduction:
moving away from medium
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adduction:
moving toward medium
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lateral rotation:
movement of arm or leg around its axis away from centerline
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medial rotation:
movement of the arm or leg toward centerline
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circumduction:
movement of arm, leg, head in a none shape
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supination:
turning palm upward
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pronation:
turning palm downward
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eversion:
turning bottom of foot outward
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inversion:
turning bottom of foot inward
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ball and socket:
widest range of motion, hips, shoulders
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hinge:
convex surface fits into concave surface
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pivot:
rotation in one place
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condyloid:
oval shaped coudyle fits into an elliptical cavity
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saddle:
motion in two plane at right angles
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gliding:
gliding motion, joints in spine
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skeletal muscles:
allow movement in extremities
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smooth muscles:
intestines, ureters, veins, arteries
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cardiac muscle:
pumps blood through the heart
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myofibrils:
contracting elements, casroplasm
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fascicle:
muscle fibers into bundles
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fascia:
movement of muscle on muscle
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tendon:
attach muscle to bone
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sarcomere:
contracting unit of the myofibril
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motor unit:
all muscles in a motor unit are interconnected my a single motor muscle
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properties of a muscle cell:
flexibility, elasticity, conductivity, contractility
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muscle tone:
state of partial contraction throughout the whole muscle.
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smooth muscle:
found in hollow structures like blood vessels
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cardiac muscle:
found in the heart
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shape:
what it looks like
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origin and insertion:
where it begins/ ends
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direction of fibers:
contributes to its functions
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origin:
fixed attachment of muscle
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insertion:
movable attachment of muscle
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tendons:
attach muscle to bone
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agonist:
bring about action
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prime mover:
bring about action
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antagonist:
appose agonist
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synergist:
against prime mover
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flexor:
bend limb at joint
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extensor:
straighten limb at joint
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abductor:
move limb away from prime middle
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adductor:
bring limb toward middle
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rotator:
rotate limb on axis
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levator:
raise part of the body
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depressor:
lower part of body
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dorsiflexor:
raise the foot
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plantar flexor:
lower the foot
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supinator:
turn palm upward
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pronator:
turn palm downward
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occipitalis:
back of the skull
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frontalis:
on the forehead, wrinkles the brow
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zygomaticus:
lifts upper lateral lip
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levator labii superioris:
lifts the upper medial lip
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orbicularis oris:
around the mouth opening, the kissing muscle
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buccinator:
holds the cheek side
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masseter:
deep masseter helps hold the jaw bone in place
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temporalis:
holds the jaw bone in place at the pivot
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orbicularis oculi:
ring around the eye to close it
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superior rectus:
rolls the eyeball upward
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inferior rectus:
rolls the eyeball downward
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medial rectus:
rolls the eye medialward towards the nose
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lateral rectus:
rolls the eye laterally
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superior oblique:
twisting of the eye top
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inferior oblique:
aposing twisting of the eyeball
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sternocleidomastoid:
from the clavicle to the back lower edge of the skull
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serratus anterior:
inner most layer, from spine to scapula
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rhomboids (major and minor):
outside or posterior to the serratus, another inverted V from spine to scapula
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levator scapulae:
narrow bands from the side of the neck down the top of the scapula
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pectoralis minor:
from the ribs up to the top of the shoulder
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trapezius:
large flat muscle, runs from the upper and middle spine to the scapula
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rectus abdominis:
outermost layer, in a band down the front, fibers run vertical
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external oblique:
next layer, wraps around, fibers angle down to thegroin
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internal oblique:
next layer, wraps around also, fibers angle in an upward V
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transversus abdominis:
innermost, wraps around, fibers run horizontal
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diaphragm:
a large flat muscle inside the ribcage – when contracted, it pulls air into the lungs by pushing the stomach and other lower organs down
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internal intercostals:
located between the ribs, with the fibers of the two layers running at right angles to each other- – when contracted, they draw the ribs together and expand the ribcage, which helps to draw air into the lungs
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