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Hormones
- Control Cellular resperation, growth and reproduction control body fluids
- Control secretion of other hormones
- Control behavior patterns
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Negative feedback loop
- Thermostat turns furnace on when temp drops below certain points, turn off once reached
- Hormones function similarly
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Hypothalamus
- Controls secretion of the petuitary gland
- Nerve cells produce chemical signals
- Releasing hormones
- Releasing inhibitory hormones
- Controlled by negative feedback
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Anterior Pituitary Gland
Produces growth hormone
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Growth Hormone
- Cell metabolism and growth
- too little is dwarfism
- too much is gigantism
- Controlled by releasing hormones from hypothalamus
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Thyroid stimulating hormone
stimulates thyroid
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adrenocorticorpic hormone
stimulates adrenal cortex
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melanocyte-stimulating hormone
stimulates melanocytes
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Follicle-stimulating hormone
- Females (stimulates ovarian follicle)
- Male (Stimulates sperm production)
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Luteinizing hormone
- Females (stimulates ovulation and progesterone production)
- Males (Testosterone production)
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Lactogenic hormone
Stimulates the milk production in women
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Posterior pituitary gland
Produces ADH
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Antidiuretic hormone
- Also called Vasopressin
- Increased water absorbtion in kidney tubules
- Deficiency results in diabetes insipidus
- Regulated through osmoreceptors
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Oxytocin
- Contraction of uterine smooth muscle
- Constriction of mammary cell glands
- Given after childbirth to constrict blood vessels to minimize risk of hemmorage
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Thyroid Glands
Located below larynx on either side of the neck
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triiodothyronine
metabolism
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Calcitonin
Regulation of calcium and phosphate concentration
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parathyroid
Located within the posterior thyroid gland secretes parathormone
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Parathormone
Stimulates bone cell release of calcium and phosphate
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adrenal glands
Located on top of each kidney in response to the sympathetic nervous system eponepherine/noreponephrine (from medulla)
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Pancreas
- Populated by structures called the islets of Langerhaus
- Beta cells (insulin)
- Alpha Cells (glucogon)
- Negative feedback
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hypoglycemia
- low blood glucose
- Confusion, clumsiness, coma, death
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hyperglycemia
excess ketone production in the urine, dehydration, damage to brain, arteries, and kidneys
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diabetes mellitus
Insufficient insulin production
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thymus gland
- Located behind sternum
- Secretes thymosin
- Important for T-Cell production
- Thymus shrinks as me age
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Pineal gland
Located in the brain, near thalmus produces melatonin
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Melatonin
- Inhibits reproductive functions
- regulates body rhythm
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Serotonin
- Neurotransmitter and vasconstrictor
- stimulates smooth muscle constriction
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Ovaries
Produces estrogen and progesterone
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Estrogen and Progesterone
Development of female reproductive organs
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Testes
Produces testosteron
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Testosterone
Development of male reproducive organs
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Blood
Specialized connective tissue
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Plasma
Fluid part. 55% of blood
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transports
O2 CO2 nutrients waste and hormones
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regulates
body pH, body temperature
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clots
- the clotting mechanism is the "self-repair" of damage to circulatory system
- Protects against foreign microbes and toxins
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Erythrocytes
RBC - 95% of the volume of blood cells
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Leukocytes
White Blood Cells
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Composition of plasma
91% water, 7% proteins, 2% solutes
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Hematopoiesis
Production of red blood cells in red bone marrow
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erythrocyte specifics
- Biconcave discs, no nucleus, No DNA
- Contains hemogloin
- binds O2 and CO2
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leukocytes specifics
- Surround and digest foreign substances
- Produces antihistamines
- Produce heparrin, seratonin
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Thrombocytes specifics
- Monocytes: Phagoctize bacteria and cellular debris
- Macrophages can move around inside tissue
- Lymphocites: T&B
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