AP Euro Unit 5 Test

  1. Causes of the Crisis leading up to the French Revolution
    • Louis XV defeat in war 
    • French involvement in American Revolution
    • Versailles
  2. Facts about the Compte Rendu
    • Report to the king from Jacques Necker
    • Forget Debt of American Revolution & Pennance to Aristocracy
  3. Makeup of the Estates General & reasons for its convening in 1789
    • 1st Estate= Clergy
    • 2nd Estate= Nobles
    • 3rd Estate= Commoners
    • Meant to help debt problem
    • Last met in 1614
  4. Financial reforms of Charles Calonne
    • Universal land tax
    • Taille
  5. 1st & 2nd Estates attempts to limit rights of 3rd Estate
    • Vote by Estate
    • Each estate gets 1 vote
  6. Grievances included as part of the cashiers de doleances
    • Government waste
    • Unfair taxing
    • Exclusive rights for aritocracy
  7. Creation of the National Assembly
    • June 1, 1789
    • When 3rd Estate members broke out & formed N.A.
  8. Facts about the Tennis Court Oath
    Oath taken by N.A. to write a constitution
  9. Reasons for riots in winter of 1788 & spring of 1789
    Bread prices rose
  10. Facts about and significance of the Storming of the Bastille
    • Got rid of Jacques Necker
    • Troops around outside 
    • Starting point for revolution
    • July 15, Marquis de Lafeyette took control of the citizen militia
  11. The Night of August 4th
    When members of N.C.A. and decided to declare feudalism abolished
  12. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
    • Drafted by N.C.A.
    • Based on ideas of Rousseau & Montesquieu
  13. Jean Paul Marat
    • Editor & Author of "the friend of the people"
    • Responsible for paranoia
    • Murdered by Charlotte Cordat
  14. The "October Days"
    • Caused by rise in bread prices
    • Women came marching
    • Royal family moved to Tuillerie palace
  15. National Constituent Assembly and its preferred form of Govt.
    Constitutional Monarchy
  16. Characteristics & facts about the Constitution of 1791
    • Established Monarchy would be representative
    • Legislative Assembly
    • 50,000 could participate
  17. Declaration of the Rights of Women
    Olympe de Gouge
  18. Examples of economic reforms during the Reconstruction of France
    • New weights & measurements
    • Deregulation of grain
    • Assignats
    • Chapelier Law (Forbade Labor Unions)
  19. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
    • Placed church under state control
    • Required church to take an oath
  20. Roman Catholic Church's view of the Revolution/Departements
    Condemned it & also was condemning revolution
  21. Emigres
    • Aristocracy
    • Clergy
  22. Characteristics and Facts about the Jacobins
    • Political Club that dominated, highlight of political division
    • Girondists=Conservative, Constitution Monarch
    • MonteGnard=Sans-Coulettes, Rousseauian ideas
  23. Facts about the Sans Culottes and their goals and methods
    • Working Class
    • Refused to wear knee britches
    • Paris Commune
    • Republicans
  24. The September Massacres
    First week of September when over 1200 belived counterrevolutionaries killed
  25. Challenges facing the French revolutionary govt. by 1793
    • Monarchy
    • War
    • Counterrevolutionaries
    • Political & Religious division
  26. The Declaration of Pillnitz
    Prussia & Austria: If the royal family hamed, they would intervene
  27. The National Convention and its actions
    • Emerges after Stoming of Tuillerie Palace
    • Draft a democratic constitution
    • Declared France a republic
  28. Countries at war w/ France by 1793
    Britain, Prussia, Austria, Holland, Spain
  29. Edmund Burke's view of the French Revolution
    • Out of Control
    • Reflection on the Revolutions of France
  30. The Paritions of Poland
    • 1772, 1793, 1795
    • Russia, Prussia, Austria
    • Poland disappears from map
    • Polish Patriots
  31. Levee En Masse
    Mass recquisition where all citizens defend republic & revolution
  32. Ways in which the French Republic attemted to achieve a "Republic of Virtue"
    • Repression of women 
    • Dechristianization of France
  33. Values important to the Republic of Virtue
    • Rousseau & Social Contract
    • Community over individual
  34. The Committee of Public Safety and its purpose
    • 12 Member of National Convention
    • Lead by Robespierre 
    • Finding & Eliminating threats to revolution
  35. The Great Fear
    • Burning of Chateux (Destruction of legal records & documents)
    • Refusal to pay feudal dues
    • Targets were both aristocratic & ecclesiastical landlords.
  36. Facts about the Reign of Terror
    • Executions of all social classes
    • People felt the need to protect the revolution.
  37. Law of 22 Prairial
    Permitted revolutionary tribunal to convict suspects without hearing substantial evidence against them
  38. Facts about Robespierre
    • Dominant figure on Committee of Public Safety
    • Favored a republic
  39. Results of the Thermidorian Reaction
    • Establishment of the Directory
    • Removal of Sans-Culottes from political life
    • Another Constitution
  40. "Bands of Jesus" and the White Terror
    Dragged suspected terrorists from prisons & murdered them much as alleged royalists had been murdered during September Massacres
  41. Women's rights before and after the Revolution
    • Women had more rights in 1789 before the revolution.
    • More say in politics 
    • More equality in marriage
    • Divorce was easier
  42. Which group of French society were the greatest victors
    The Middle Class
  43. Facts about Napoleon Bonaparte
    • Born in Corsica
    • Tulan: Beat the British
    • Supporter of the revolution (Jacobin)
    • Overthrew the directory (Coup of 18 Brumaire) and created the consulate
  44. Results of the Coup of 18 Brumaire
    Constitution of Year VIII established Consulate
  45. Treat of Campo Formio
    • 1797
    • Napoleon achieved
    • Northern Italy
    • Defeated Austris
  46. Ways in which Napoleon attempted to suppress foreign & domestic opposition
    • Grant a pardon to people
    • All walks of life to be part of government
    • Dissolving 2nd Coalition
  47. The Concordat of 1801, facts, its purpose, and results
    Peace with the church
  48. Facts about the Napoleonic Code
    • United French Law
    • Abolished vestiges of Ancien Regime
    • Forbade Workers' Unions
    • Primogenative (Son inheriting everything..) abolished
  49. Facts regarding Napoleon becoming the Emperor of France
    • 1804
    • Crowned himself
    • Cathedral of Notre Dame
    • Plebiscite voting
    • Jacques Louis David
    • 1802: Consul for Life
  50. The Battle of Trafalgar
    • October 21, 1805
    • Great Britain vs. France & Spain
    • Lord Nelson died & won
    • Britain controlled the seas
    • Napoleon gave up idea of a land invasion
  51. Prime Minister of Britain during the French Revolution
    William Pitt
  52. Peace of Amiens
    • 1802
    • Between France & Great Britain
  53. Napoleon's victories in Central Europe
    • Battle of Ulm
    • Battle of Austerlitz
    • Battle of Jena
    • Battle of Friedland
  54. Battle of Ulm
    • Oct. 1805
    • Austria vs. France
    • France wins
    • Vienna taken
  55. Battle of Austerlitz
    • Dec. 1805
    • Austria & Russia vs France
    • Napoleon King of Italy
  56. Battle of Jena
    • Oct. 1806
    • Defeated Prussia
  57. Battle of Friedland
    • June 1807
    • Russia vs France
    • Napoleon & Tsar make treaty
  58. The Confederation of the Rhine and its significance
    • July 1806
    • Consolidation of west germanic states
    • Weaken Austria & Prussia
    • HRE disappears
  59. Treaty of Tilsit
    • East Prussia given over to Napoleon's empire
    • Prussia open ally
    • Russia secret ally
  60. Facts about the Continental System
    • Milan decree of 1807
    • Prevented neutral nations from trading goods with Britain 
    • Didn't impact Britain very much
    • Weaken Continental Europe
  61. Napoleon's wives
    • Josephine: Divorce
    • Marie Louise: Gave him an heir, Austrian princess
  62. Napoleon and his family as rulers
    • Centralized empire by placing family members as rulers
    • Spain: Joseph (brother) rules
  63. Napoleon's brothers rule in the kingdom of Westphalia
    Wanted brother to rule constitutionally
  64. Prussia's response to Napoleon's Empire
    • Response with "German" Nationalism
    • Trying to achieve administrative, social, & military reforms
  65. Facts about Napoleon's Peninsular Campaign
    • 1807
    • To suppress Portugal
    • 1808 Napoleon able to replace Bourbons after outbreak
    • Bagged down by guerilla warfare
  66. Facts about Napoleon's Russian Campaign
    • Annexation of Holland, Recognition of King of Sweden, Marriage to Marie Louise were all red flags for Tsar Alexander I
    • Napoleon: 600,000 troops
    • Russia: 160,000
    • "Scorched Earth"
    • Napoleon defeated
    • Napoleon returned with only 100,000 troops
  67. The Battle of Nations
    • Oct. 1813
    • Ended with Treaty of Fontainbleu
    • Napoleon Exciled to Elba
    • Defeated by the European Coalition
  68. Facts about the Congress of Vienna
    • Sep. 1814- Nov. 1815
    • Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia
    • No single state allowed to dominate Europe
    • Strengthened states around France's border.
  69. The Battle of Waterloo
    • June 18, 1815
    • Field Marshal von Blucher defeated Napoleon
    • Napoleon again abdicated and was exiled on Saint Helena, where he died in 1821
  70. The 100 Days
    • Period of Napoleon's return
    • Made peace settlement harsher for France
  71. Results of The Treaty of Chaumont
    • Restoration of the Bourbons to the French throne and contraction of France to its frontiers of 1792
    • Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed alliance to last 20 years
  72. Kingdom of the Netherlands
    Included Belgium & Luxembourg & added port of Genoa
  73. Territorial adjustments and the Congress of Vienna
    • HRE not revived 
    • Austria gained North Italy
    • Prussia given territories along Rhine River
  74. Central characteristics and facts of Romantic Movement
    • Defined as late 18th century reaction in response to the French Revolution.
    • Sought to revive Christianity, restore medieval art & architecture.
    • Supplement ideas of reason
    • Reached its peak in Germany & England
  75. Art, literature, and architecture of the Romantics
    Medieval times based
  76. Contributions of Rousseau on the Romantic Movement esp. literature
    • Emile
    • -1 could achieve healthy life outside civilization
    • -Differences between children & adults
    • -There should be separate spheres between men & women
  77. Immanuel Kant contributions to Romanticism
    • Critique of Pure Reason
    • Critique of Practical Reason
    • "Phenomenal" vs "Noumenal" worlds
    • Sought to accept the rationalism of Enlightenment
  78. English Romantic writers & their contributions to Romanticism
    • Coleridge: Master of Supernatural Poety, Lyrical Ballards w/Wordsworth
    • Wordsworth: Ode on Intimations of Immortality
    • Lord Byron: Viewed as embodiment of liberalism, Child Harold's Pilgrimage, Don Juan
  79. German Romantic writers & their contributions to Romanticism
    • Tieck: William Level
    • Schlegel: Lucinde
    • Goethe: Sorrows of the Young Werther, Faust
  80. Facts/ characteristics of Romantic Art
    • Often portrayed scenes from medieval life
    • The Middle Ages represented the social stability and religious reverence that was disappearing from their own era.
  81. Romantic Artists
    • Constable: Politically Conservative. Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows
    • William Turner: Rain, Steam and Speed-The Great Western Railway
    • Caspar David Friedrich: The Polar Sea
  82. Romantic/Neo-Gothic architecture characteristics and notable monuments/buildings
    Medieval
  83. Facts regarding Methodism
    • Revolt against deism and rationalism in Church of England
    • Leader was John Wesley
    • The possibility of Christian perfection n this life
  84. The Genius of Christianity
    • 1802
    • Vascount Francois REne de Chateaubriand
    • "Bible of Romanticism"
    • Essence of religion is "passion"
  85. Johann Herder's contributions to Romanticism and German culture
    • "On the Knowing and Feeling of the Human Soul"
    • Revived German folk culture by urging the collection & preservation of distinctive German songs & sayings
    • Most important followers were Grimm brothers
    • Arab culture was one of numerous communities that composed the human race and manifested the human spirit
  86. Hegel, his views on the conflict of ideas and his contributions to the study of History
    • Thesis & Antithesis conflict= Synthesis (new thesis) Repetitive pattern
    • The Phenomenology of Mind
    • Lectures on the Philosophy of History

    • Islam represented an important stage of the development of the world spirit. 
    • However, he believed Islam had fulfilled its role and no longer had any significant part to play.
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rileyrichardson
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201298
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AP Euro Unit 5 Test
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