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kaitiek09
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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investiagted electricity and made serval discoveries
ben frank
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proposed thatelectricity is composed of two charges
ben frank
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proved lightening as a form of electricity
ben frank
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two ways a neutral object reacts near a charged object
- charged object will repel the like charge in the neutral object and attract all of opp charge
- object will polarize with opp charge at surface
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polarization of a neutral object depends on
how its charges move
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if the charges cannot move it is known as
insulator
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non metallic
cannot conduct heat or electricity
insulator
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an object whose charges move easily
conducts heat and elect
conductors
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charge
quantity that can be measured
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most change in electrical charge are caused by
the movement of electrons
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protons are located
at the center of an atom
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electrons are located
near the surface of an atom
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why does electricity involve the movement of electrons
because electrons are lighter to move than protons
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sound that force is proportional to the amount of charge on each of the objects
coloumb
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the direction of force is only the line connecting
the charge and is attractive when opp charge and repel when same charge
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van de graff generator work
- machine that places a large electric charge on a sphere
- like charges move away
- attracted to opp charge on ball and can discharge through air creating a spark
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these two are inverseley proportional square forces
- gravitational
- electric forces
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3 differences between gravitational and electric force
- grvity depends on mass electric on charge
- gravity attracts electricity repels
- for fundamental particles electric force is stronger
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electric charge creates
forces
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a charge experiences forces from
several other charges
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superposition principle
electric force is the vector sum of all the forces
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a good way to create a uniform electric field is with
two flat plates of opposite charge called a parallel plate capacitor
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because of the E field in a capacitor a charge inside it will
move and a moving charge will be detected
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3 ways electric field is considered real
- imports a force on a charge
- can be measured at any pount in space
- everything about forces can be used to understand E fields
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why is the electric fiel within a conductor zero
because if there wasnt there would be a force on those charges, however, since its in a conductor charges are free to move in response to those forces
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why does a conductor have apointy part
more charges will accumulate there to be far from the other charges so the stronger E field will occur there
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how lightening is produced 4
- Fast moving couds sweeping charges upward
- clouds become negatuvely charged while the ground is positive
- air is an insulator
- E builds up, the air ionizes and becomes a conductor
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typical lightneing bolt transfers ___C of charge
30
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the gravity field is also known as
a force field
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if we move an object against the gravity field
if we move a charge in an E field
- the object acquired a greater potential energy
- we change its potential E
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the change in energy depends on what three things
- the strength of the field
- the strength of the charge
- distance model
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Electrical potential is the
potential energy per charge
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Electric potential
how much PE a positive charge of 1C would have at that point
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Electric potential energy
is simply the energy or work it takes to move a known charge between two locations
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electron volts
an electron in an electrical field will feed a force and accelerate. It will then pick up speed and therefore increase in KE
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In an electric field, positive charges move
in the direction of electric field
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In the electrical field, negative changes move
in the direction of opposite electric field
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In electrical potential, positive charges accelerate in the direction of
decreasing electric potential
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in electrical potential, negative charges accelerate in the direction of
increasing electric potential
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In electrical potential, when it both has negative and positive charges the charge moves
to the region of lower potential E
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While force and electric field depend inversely on distance squared...
PE depends inversely distance
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net worth
the sum off all your positives and negatives
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Net Force
the vector sum of all forces acting at one point
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force components
simply projections of vectors F12 & F13 onto the x and y axis
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4 importances of electric field lines
- points along the E field vector at every point
- start at +/- charge to infinity
- more dense where field is stronger
- tells which way test particles would move
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superposition principle differences between Electric field vector and electrical potential
- EFV at a given location is the vector sum of all electric fields at that point
- EP at a given location is the scalar sum of the EP at that point due to all nearby charges
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equipotential lines
lines that connect points of = electric potential
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capacitor
two conductng plates with area A seperated by a distance
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an electric potential diff is established between the plates using a battery. The batter causes charges to build up on each of the plates
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the exact amount of charge depends o n
how much charge can be carried in a capacitor
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capacitance
define the amount of charge that builds up on a capacitor for a given potential
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parallel capacitor plate
two parallel plates seperated by a distance
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what does and doesnt capacitance depend on
- does:
- ratio of quantities of charge and voltage
- doesn't:
- amount of charge on plates
- potential diff between plates
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a flow of electric charge from one place to another
electric current
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when charge flows through a closed path and returns to starting point and occurs again
electric circuit
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electrons in a metal wire can only move freely if
the wire is connected to a source of electrical energy
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what does a battery do
uses chemical rxn to produce diff in electric potential between the two ends
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ends of battery
terminals
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high electric potential in a battery
low electric potential in battery
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no closed path through which the electrons can flow
open circuit
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electromotive force occurance
battery disconnected from a circuit and carries no current
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the diff in electric potential between its terminals is referred to as
emf
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the greater the current flowing through a battery the greater
the reduction in potential diff between its terminals
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emf determines
the amnt of work a battery does to move a certain amount of charge around a circuit
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the direction of the current in an electric circuit is the direction which
a positive test charge would move
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the amount of voltage diff is called
battery's emf
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EMF is not force
Weird E is not electric field and not energy
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flow of positive charge
current
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current 3 importanrt details
- have high PE when near + poles
- they are repelled by the battery's + pole
- move circuit to the negative pole
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how do insulators react to the flow of electrons compared to conductors
insulators resist the flow more than conductors
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used to determine the resistance the flow of a current when a voltage diff is placed on it
resistance
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resisting the flow of electricity
resistance
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3 parts of a simple circuit and function
- battery-provides charges with PE
- wire-made of a conductor
- load-component that does something
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a high current flows from the positive to the - terminals of the battery
short circuit
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switch that prevents short circuit
circuit breaker
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anything that consumes or produces energy over time by a power associated with it
power
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