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allele
an alternate form of a gene
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chromosome
cell structure that contains genetic information along strands of DNA
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DNA probe
a molecule labeled with a radioactive isotope dye, or enzyme that is used to locate a particular sequence or gene on a DNA molecule
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electrophroesis
a method of separating molecules, such as DNA, according to their size and electrical charge using an electric current passed through a gel containing the samples
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gene
segment of DNA in a chromosome that contains information used to produce a protein or an RNA molecule
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PCR
(polymerase chain reaction( a method to repidily make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA
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Restriction Enzyme
a molecule that cuts a DNA molecule at a specific base sequence
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STR
(short tandem repeat) tandem repeats of short DNA sequences with varying numbers of repeats found among individuals
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VNTR
(variable number of tandem repeats) tandem repeats of a short DNA sequence with verifying numbers of repeats among individuals
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agglutination
the clumping of molecules or cells caused by an antigen-antibody reactions
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antibody
proteins secreted by white blood cells that attach to antigens
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antigen
any foreign substance or cell in the body that reacts with antibodies
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Satellite spatter
secondary drops formed when some blood breaks free from the main contact drop of blood
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Polymer
a substance composed of long chains of repeating units
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nucleotide
a molecule made up of sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
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antiserum
serum with antibodies used for injection into other animals to provide immunity to a specific disease
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DNA deoxyribonucleic
deoxyribonucleic acid; main component of chromosomes and material transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms
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DNA fingerprint
pattern of DNA fragments obtained by examining a person's unique sequence of DNA base pairs
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precipitin
an antibody that reacts with its specific antigen to form an insoluble precipitate
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secretor
a cell, tissue, or organ that creates a secretion
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serology
the study of the chemistry of the blood
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serum
component in blood that is neither a blood cell or a clotting factor
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mitochondria
is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cell
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protein
large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids
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replication
copying something
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RFLP
restriction fragment length polymorphism, or RFLP (commonly pronounced “rif-lip”), is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences
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Angle of Impact
calculated from the measurement of the opposite side which is the width and the length is hypotenuse of the blood stain
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back spatter
It is well known that gunshot wounding can produce fine droplets of blood spattered in a forward direction
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cast off
Wet blood tends to move to the end of an object, where it pools; the drops after this
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HVIS
caused by high veloctiy impact, small droplets; misting
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LVIS
A bloodstain pattern that is caused by a low velocity impact/force to a blood source.
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MVIS
drops caused by medium impact velocity
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parent drop
the droplet from which satellite spatter originated
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spatter
A spray or splash of something
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swipe pattern
The transfer of blood from a moving source onto a unstained surface
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transfer pattern
A bloodstain pattern created when a wet, bloody surface comes in contact with a second surface
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void
Having no legal force or validity; null
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wipe pattern
The event creating the original stain occurred before the event
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spine
the pointed edges of a stain that radiate out to form the spatter
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