Endocrine glands secret product into blood and do not have___
DUCTS
Which of the following are not types of tissue:
GLANDULAR
What is considered a type of connective tissue:
blood, bone, tendon, fat
What is negative feedback?
When a variable moves away from a set point the body moves it back to the set point.
Oxytocin causes an increased contraction which causes an increase of Oxytocin is an example of____ feed back
Positive
An amino acid is a monomer for___
Proteins
Phospholipids are considered
Amphipathic
Phosphate is hydrophilic fatty acid which means it is also____
hydrophobic
In 2 glucose molecules from together via dehydration synthesis there is local disaccharide and what other small molecule:
H2O
Pancreas secretes multiple protein hormones and enzymes. Based only on this information what organelle would you expect to see a great abundance of pancreatic tissue?
ROUGH ER
Which of the following bases is not considered a premadine:
Adpremadine
Translation is MRNA being converted into a____
PROTEIN
Transcription is DNA being converted into
RNA
DNA being converted into protein is
PRTEIN SYNTHESIS
Which molecule used in the creation of protein recognizing codon recognizes the codon on MRNA and is also physically bound on the amino acids
TRNA
What is the breakdown of the molecule?
CATABOLISM
Anabolism is the synthesis of ___
ATP
Which of the following is not affecting an enzymes reaction rate.
ALL
Glycolysis takes place in the____
CYTOSOL
Which step in the metabolism of glucose takes ACH and produces electron barrier Co2 and ATP?
KREBS CYCLE
According to the lecture how many ATP are created in phosphorylation ____
34
… acid is broken down by beta oxidation into ACH which can then be plugged into the___
KREBS CYCLE
If you hold your breath as long as you can the result is a small increase in blood co2 concentration. What would be the effect on blood ph and on the h+ concentration?
If co2 increases, h+ increases and ph decreases
If a molecule X moves across a membrane from low concentration of X to a low concentration of X it is what type of transport?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
2 solutions are placed in a beaker and separated by a membrane permeable to potassium and you let it set for 5 mins the concentration of h+ and potassium
BE EQUAL
Which is Isotonic to body fluids:
9% NACL
In the last 15 years or som there’re have been a handful of reported cases in which people died from drinking too much water. How is this possible?
Too much water taken into the body causes the body to become hypotonic and causes the cell to swell.
Pinocytosis
drinking
Phagocytosis
eating
t-cells with no extracellular signals involved Which of the following protein structure would you expect to find present in both of these cells?
Conexons are part of the gap junctions and results no extracellular signal is gap junctions that allow communication
eyrotheropoetean released from kidneys and travels through the blood and the receptors on the stem cells would be
endocrine messaging aka hormonal
dopamine epinephrine or norepinephrine is what type of chemical messenger
neurotrasmitter
smooth muscle cell needs to send a signal to another cell it will create a fast nearly immediate response by using:
GAP JUNCTIONS
steroid hormones are lipophilic and will bind to receptors in 2 possible places
nucleus or cytoplasm
Activation of g protein coupled receptors can elicit multiple responses in the target cells can DO
ALL
Schwan cells are glial cells in the:
PNS
Normal neuron in the human body has the resting membrane potential of:
-70
Threshold is:
-50 TO -55
In terms of all cells hypo-polarized is
-60
Sensory signal goes through a(n)
AFFERENT NEURON
Motor signals go through what kind of neuron
efferent neuron
Sodium potassium & ATPase will pump ___
against its concentration gradient into the cell the potassium
What is the most influential ion in resting membrane potential
potassium because of the linked channels.
If you artificially add potassium into the extracellular environment this will:
have a drastic effect. It will result in a strong hypo-polarization and result in depolarization.
If the following drugs are toxins it causes a single action potential:
TTS
The volume that would cause hyper polarization in a resting membrane:
increasing the potassium leak channels.
Assuming normal physicaloigical conditions movement of sodium down its concentration gradient moves always goes
outside to in
Which ion channel is responsible for repolarization
potassium voltage gated
During a relative refractory period what is the main reason a stronger signal is required to enable the cell to reach threshold:
Potassium is more permeable during the relative refractory period than at rest.
What is the main determining factor discerning which ion will have the greatest influence
Permeability
What ion is most important during the depolarization:
sodium due to the voltage gated channels
Of the following steps of the excitatory synaptic transmission or form earliest to latest
3. action potential on presynaptic neuron. 1. Opening the voltage gated channels binding the ligand
Signaling the synapse can go in
ONLY ONE DIRECTION
What mechanism ensures ACH released from the synaptic cliff
all of the above
IPSP will result in which of the following
opening of the sodium channel
4 Neurons all synapse on the neuron resulting in a Hyperpolarization membrane
Inhibitory spatial summation.
Which of the following is not considered a part of the autonomic nervous system
Central
When would the sympathetic most likely be activated?
While fighting a bear
When would the parasympathetic NS most likely be activated
after a thanksgiving dinner
What would not be the result of parasympathetic NS activation
increased heart rate
Where is the majority of the blood delivered in a parasympathetic response?
Brain only
Chromatin cells are in the adrenal medulla and release:
Epinephrine
Albuterol is a drug prescribed to patients who have asthma. What receptor is activated?
BETA 2
Which of the following is a result of beta one alnergic receptor:
Beta one is increased heart rate
What type of receptor is located on cell body of post ganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic and sympathetic receptors of the of the autonomic NS
receptors
Which of the following are classified as cholinergic receptor:
nicotinic and muslerinic cholinergic
After taking the drug inhibit the parasympathetic NS by blocking musolerinic receptors. The pt suffered from which of the following__________