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What cells
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes
- thrombocytes (platelets)
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Erythrocytes
- i. red blood cells
- 1. Nucleated in all vertebrates except mammals
- a. After it is made and before it is released for circulation (made in marrow), the nucleus and most organelles disintegrate
- i. It’s mostly gone
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White blood cells
- 1. All play a role in the body’s immune system
- 2. All have a nucleus
- a. Some have a more elaborate nucleus
- 3. Some are phagocytic
- 4. Some produce antibodies (humoral material)
- 5. All functions are engaged in immunity (protecting from invasion)
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Types of Leukocytes
- 1. Five types:
- a. Neutrophils
- b. Basophils
- c. Eosinophils
- d. Monocytes
- e. Lymphocytes
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Thrombocytes (platelets)
- 1. Intact cells in all vertebrates but mammals
- 2. In mammals, they can be called thrombocytes or platelets
- a. Anuclear cell fragments
- i. No part of nucleus goes in
- 3. Iinvolved in blood clotting mechanism
- a. When there is an injury to the blood vessel, they are called upon to help stop the bleeding= clot the blood
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Composition
- i. Blood has a liquid ccomponent called plasma and a cellular component
- ii. Plasma in man is more in composition than cellular elements
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Plasma COnstituents
- main constituent is water
- lots of ions
- protein called albumin
- proteins, like fibrinogen and immunoglobulins
- lots of other substances (nutrients, resp. gases, hormones, waste products)
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Explan ions in plasma.
- a. Some used in buffering (to maintain pH)
- Play a role in maintaining osmotic balance (tonicity
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Explain albumin in plasma
- a. Extremely important in pH buffering and osmotic balance regulation
- b. Same effect as ions for regulating pH
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