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Fireground factors:
Basic items Command must consider in the evaluation of tactical situations
- Size-up
- Decision-making
- Initiating action
- Review
- Revision on the fireground
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Fireground factors:
Three basic information factors
- Visual Factors
- Reconnaissance Factors
- Preplanning and Familiarity Factors
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Fireground factors:
Fireground factors which should be evaluated by Command as they pertain to Buildings
- Size
- Roof type (Bow string, bar joist, etc.), and condition
- Roof covering (concrete, composite, tile)
- Interior arrangement/access (stairs, halls, elevators)
- Construction type
- Age
- Condition--faults/weaknesses
- Value
- Compartmentation/separation
- Vertical-horizontal openings, shafts, channels
- Outside openings--doors and windows/degree of security
- Utility characteristics (hazards/controls)
- Concealed spaces/attic characteristics
- Exterior access
- Effect the fire has had on the structure (at this point)
- Time projection on continuing fire effect on building
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Fireground factors:
Fireground factors which should be evaluated by Command as they pertain to Fire
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Size
- Extent (% of structure involved)
- Location
- Stage (inception--flashover)
- Direction of travel (most dangerous)
- Time of involvement
- Type and amount of material involved--structure/interior finish/contents
- Type and amount of material left to burn
- Product of combustion liberation
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Fireground factors:
Fireground factors which should be evaluated by Command as they pertain to OCCUPANCY
- Specific occupancy
- Type-group (business, mercantile, public assembly, institutional,
- residential, hazardous, industrial, storage, school)
- Value characteristics associated with occupancy
- Fire load (size, nature)
- Status (open, closed, occupied, vacant, abandoned, under
- construction)
- Occupancy associated characteristics/hazards
- Type of contents (based on occupancy)
- Time--as it affects occupancy use
- Loss Control profile/susceptibility of contents to
- damage/specific loss control needs (computers, business records)
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Fireground factors:
Fireground factors which should be evaluated by Command as they pertain to LIFE HAZARD
- Number of occupants
- Location of occupants (in relation to the fire)
- Condition of occupants (by virtue of fire exposure)
- Incapacities of occupants
- Commitment required for search and rescue (personnel, equipment, and
- Command)
- Fire control required for search and rescue
- Needs for EMS
- Time estimate of fire effect on victims
- Exposure of spectators/control of spectators
- Hazards to fire personnel
- Access rescue forces have to victims
- Characteristics of escape routes/avenues of escape (type,
- safety, fire conditions, etc.)
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Fireground factors:
Fireground factors which should be evaluated by Command as they pertain to ARRANGEMENT
- Access, arrangement, and distance of external exposure
- Combustibility of exposures
- Access, arrangement, and nature of internal exposures
- Severity and urgency of exposures (fire effect)
- Value of exposures
- Most dangerous direction--avenue of spread Time estimate of fire effect on exposures (internal and external)
- Obstructions to operations
- Capability/limitations on apparatus movement and use
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Fireground factors:
Fireground factors which should be evaluated by Command as they pertain to RESOURCES
- Personnel and equipment on scene
- Personnel and equipment responding
- Personnel and equipment available in reserve or in Staging
- Estimate of response time additional resources
- Condition of personnel
- Capability and willingness of personnel
- Capability of Command personnel
- Availability of hydrants
- Supplemental water sources
- Adequacy of water supply
- Built-in private fire protection (sprinkler, standpipe, alarms)
- Outside agency resource and response time
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Fireground factors:
Fireground factors which should be evaluated by Command as they pertain to OTHER FACTORS/CONDITIONS
- Time of day/night
- Day of week
- Season
- Special hazards by virtue of holidays and special events
- Weather (wind, rain, heat, cold, humid, visibility)
- Traffic conditions
- Social conditions (strike, riot, mob, rock festival)
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Positive Pressure Ventilation:
Name some benefits to fire operations
- removes heat & smoke from structure
- improves patient survivability
- improves search & rescue ops
- increases ability to attack/extinguishment
- reduces FF heat stress
- reduces loss by smoke & fire damage
- reduce risk / need of roof ventilation
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Positive Pressure Ventilation:
Positive pressure fans should be placed where:
at the point of entry from the unburned side of the fire
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Positive Pressure Ventilation:
Fans should be positions how far back from the entry point
12 - 15 feet
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Positive Pressure Ventilation:
What are two major tactical considerations that are required for positive pressure ventilation
an "exit" for the pressurized air(window/door)
must be injected from the unburned side
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Positive Pressure Ventilation:
In attic fires during an initial attack fire crews should apply water in the ceiling by using what
small openings in the ceiling
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Car Fires
The minimum level of protection for fire fighters is
Full PPE on air
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Car Fires
The minimum size hoseline for car fires is:
1 - 1/2" handline
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Car Fires:
Why should the apparatus be placed upwind and uphill of an incident if possible?
- For protection from hazardous liquids and vapors
- Reduces smoke in work area
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Car Fires
Where patients are trapped in a vehicle, first water should be applied to:
Protect the patients and permit rescue
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Car Fires
When rescue is not a factor, how should first water be applied
- For several seconds to extinguish fire
- Cool down area around any fuel tanks or fuel systems
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Car Fires
Bumper assemblies have been know to travel how far
25 feet
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Car Fires
When disconnecting battery cables which cable is disconnected first
Ground cable
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Tactical Priorities
Basic tactical priorities
- Rescue
- Fire Control
- Property Conservation
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Tactical Priorities
The umbrella of service is made up of three on-going considerations
- Fire fighter safety
- Customer service
- Loss control
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Tactical Priorities
Continuing efforts for fire fighter safety include
- Physical fitness
- mental prepardness
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