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Afebrile
Normal body temperature in a patient ( orally ranges between 36.5 C/97.6 F and 37.5 C/99.6 F).
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Core temperature
The temperature inside the body (remains relatively constant).
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Tachycardia
Fast heart rate ( Adult pulse rates above 100 bpm).
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Bradycardia
Abnormally slow pulse rate ( in adults, a pulse rate below 60 bpm).
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Tidal Volume
The amount of air moving in and out with each breath.
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Pulse deficit
When some of the ventricular contractions do not perfuse, a difference exists between the apical and peripheral pulses.
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Tachypnea
An abnormally fast respiratory rate ( usually above 20 breaths per minute in the adult).
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Bradypnea
Is an abnormally slow respiratory rate ( usually less than 12 breaths per minute in the adult).
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Apnea
The absence of respiration's, is often described by the length of time in which no respirations occur ( e.g., a 10-second period of apnea).
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Eupnea
Refers to normal respiratory rhythm and depth.
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Dyspnea
Describes respiration's that require excessive effort.
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Stridor
Is a harsh inspiratory sound that may be compared to crowing. It may indicate an upper airway obstruction.
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Wheezing
Is a high pitched musical sound. It is usually heard on expiration but may be heard on inspiration. It is associated with partial obstruction of the bronchi or bronchioles, as in asthma.
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Blood pressure
Is the force that blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels.
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Systolic Blood Pressure
The blood pressure measured during ventricular contraction ( cardiac systole).
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Diastolic blood pressure
During ventricular relaxation (cardiac diastole), blood pressure is due to elastic recoil of the vessels the pressure is measured.
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Pulse pressure
The mathematical difference between the measured systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
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Stroke Volume
The amount of blood each ventricle pumps with each heart beat.
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Biot's
Cyclic breathing pattern characterized by shallow breathing alternating with periods of apnea.
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Cheyne-Stokes
Cyclic breathing pattern characterized by periods of respirations of increased rate and depth alternating with periods of apnea.
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Kussmaul
Increased rate ( about 20 beats/min) and depth of respirations.
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Autonomic Nervous system
Influences heart rate, cardiac contractility, systemic vascular resistance, and blood volume.
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Paradoxical blood pressure
Exaggerated decreases in systolic blood pressure with inspiration.
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Korotkoff sounds
5 distinct phases when deflating the bp cuff
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Auscultatory gap
Is the absence of Korotkoff sounds between phases I and II.
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Hypertension
The condition in which blood pressure is chronically elevated.
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Prehypertension
For adults of any age, with a blood pressure between 120/80 and 139/89 mm Hg.
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Hypotension
Is blood pressure below 100/60 mm Hg.
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Orthostatic hypotension
Inadequate reflex composition upon position change.
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