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WHat do all cells need?
- a. All cells need to respire; they need to take in oxygen, utilize it, and releases CO2 as a byproduct
- b. Without this, cells will die
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Three types of respiration?
- i. External: movement of O2 and CO2 in and out of the respiratory organs
- ii. Internal: occurs at capillary beds; movement of respiratory gases between the circulatory system and the tissues of the body
- 1. Exchange between cells and circulatory system
- iii. Cellular: utilization of oxygen and production of CO2 with glucose metabolism
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Adapatations
- no respirartory system
- tracheal system
- gills
- lungs
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No respiration
- a. Some don’t have a need for a respiratory system and do respiration at the level of their body surface
- i. High ratio of surface volume
- ii. No need for a circulatory system
- 1. Ex: aquatic invertebrates, annelids, some arthropods, very few vertebrates
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Tracheal System and examples
- i. Ex: insects and some arthropods
- ii. Unique in that it does not use the cardiovascular system for transport of the respiratory gases
- iii. Network of tubese
- iv. Only type of system that doesn’t utilize some form of transport
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Gill ex.
in aquatic both vertebrates and invertebrates
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Lungs
both vertebrates and invertebrates terrestrial
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The tracheal system is in?
insects and arthropods
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What does the tracheal system not use?
a. DOES NOT USE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TO TRANSPORT THE RESPIRTORY GASES
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What is the tracheal system?
- a. It is a network of tubes called tracheal tubes that are found throughout the organism’s body
- i. Respiratory gasses get in through an opening on the outside of the body called spiracles that tallow access into the tracheal tubes
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a. The larger tracheal tubes are kept open through a larger tissue embedded in their walls called __made of __
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What are tennidiae?
- i. They are circular, hardened tissue (cutin) embedded in the walls of the tracheal tubes
- ii. The only place you don’t find them is in the tiniest tubes called tracheoles, but all the rest of the system does
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Function of tennidiae?
- i. Function: prevent collapse because they are the passageway of CO2 and O2 through system
- ii. Branch through all tissues of the body
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This muscle is every cell of the insect's body.
Where does it go?
Gases?
Circulation?
Networks?
- 1. Goes to all tissues and at end of division, the smallest tracheoles allow exchange wbetween the tracheole and whatever tissue or cell is there
- 2. Oxygen is high in the tracheole tubes; CO2 is high in the tissues and so CO2 moves out
- 3. No circulation
- 4. Networks throughout the body are tubes
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