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What is the main evolutionary advantage that arthropods have?
A chitinous exoskeleton.
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What is tagma?
Functional regions of an arthropod where two or more body segments fuse.
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What parts of the body are typically tagma in arthropoda?
Spiders?
Head, Thorax, and Abdomen.
Spiders: Head/Thorax create cephalothorax.
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What are the layers of the exoskeleton?
- Procuticle: thick layer, made of chitin and protein sclerotin
- Epicuticle: thinner layer; made of lipids and proteins
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What is the role of the epicuticle?
Repels water and provides protection against dehydration.
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What component of the Crustacea shell makes it tougher?
Calcium carbonate
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How do arthropods shed their exoskeleton?
- 1. Reabsorbs the procuticle.
- 2. Breaks out of the exoskeleton.
- 3. Pumps itself up with air to make room for growth in the new shell.
- 4. Excretes a new exoskeleton, and returns to its original size. (Ecdysis)
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What type of respiration do insects have?
Tracheal system, ducts that carry air directly to cells.
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Do arthropods have an open or closed circulatory system?
Open
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What sensory organs do arthropods have?
Compound eyes sense movement and color.
They can also sense hearing, touch, taste, smell and balance.
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What excretory system to arthropods have and how does it work?
Malpigian tubules; solutes are pumped into a series of tubules, solutes and water are then reabsorbed leaving only the waste in the tubes to be excreted.
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What are the five subphyla of arthopoda?
- Trilobita
- Chelicerata
- Myriapoda
- Crustacea
- Hexapoda
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What subphylum of arthropoda is extinct?
Trilobita
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What are the tagmata of the trilobita?
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What are the two classes of the subphylum myriapoda?
- Chilopoda (1 pair of appendages)
- Diplopoda (2 pairs of appendages)
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What subphylum and class are the centipedes in?
- Subphylum: Myriapoda
- Class: Chilopoda
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What subphylum and class are the millipedes in?
- Subphylum: Myriapoda
- Class: Diplopoda
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What subphylum and class are the horseshoe crabs in?
- Subphylum: Chelicerata
- Class: Merostomata
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What subphylum and class are the spiders in?
- Subphylum: Chelicerata
- Class: Arachnida
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What are the 6 appendages of a chelicerata?
- First pair: Chelicerae (Food Handling)
- Second pair: Pedipalps (Food Handling)
- 4 walking legs
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What are chelicerae?
The first pair of chelicerata appendages that handles food.
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What are pedipalps?
The second pair of chelicerata appendages that handles food.
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How do spiders eat?
By injecting venom and digestive juices with their fangs and sucking up digested tissues.
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How do horseshoe crabs eat?
They use a roughened part of their legs called the gnathobase to grind their food, and stick it in their mouths.
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What is a gnathobase?
The roughened part of a horseshoe crab's legs used for grinding up food.
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What subphylum are krill in?
Crustacea
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What subphylum are lobsters in?
Crustacea
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What subphylum are crabs in?
Crustacea
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What three appendages evolved in the hexapoda and crustacea not seen in the other subphyla of arthropoda?
- Mandibles (Hardened mouthparts)
- Antennae (Sensory for touch/taste)
- Maxillae (Food handling)
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What covers the head region of the crayfish?
Carapace
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What is a cheliped?
The first pair of walking legs in crayfish modified for defense.
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How do crayfish move backwards?
Tucking their uropod and telson under their bodies quickly.
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- A: Mandibles
- B: Antenna
- C: Anntenule
- D: Walking legs
- E: Swimmerets
- F: Telson
- G: Uropod
- H: Cheliped
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What is the difference between male and female crayfish?
The first pair of swimmerets in males is modified, called a copulatory swimmeret.
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What is a bailer?
One of the crayfish maxillae moves constantly to keep a small flow of water over the gills when the crayfish is not moving.
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