ap gov chapter 14 vocav

a policy document allocating burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures)

an excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues

government spending of revenues. Major areas of federal spending are social services and national defense

the financial resources of the government. The individual income tax and social security tax are two major sources of the federal government's revenue

a tax levied on the manufacture, transportation, sale, or consumption of a good

shares of individual wages and corporate revenues collected by the government

the constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicity permitted congress to levy an income tax

all the money borrowed by the federal government over the years and still outstanding

revenue losses that result from special exemptions, exclusions, or deductions on federal tax law

a budget for expenditures on items that will serve for the long term, such as equipment, roads, and buildings

a 1935 law passed during the great depression that was intended to provide a minimal level of sustenance to older americans and this save them from poverty

a program added to the social security system in 1965 that provides hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor fees and other health expenses

a description of the budget process where the best predictor of this year's budget is last year's budget, plus a little bit more

expenditures that are determined not by a fixed amount of money appropriated by congress but by how many eligible beneficiaries there are for a program or by previous obligations of the government

policies for which congress has obligated itself to pay x level of benefits to y number of recipients. social security benefits are an example

the house of representatives committee that, along with the senate finace committee, writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of congress as a whole

the senate committee that, along with the house ways and means committee, writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of congress as a whole

an act designed to reform the congressional budgetary process. its supporters hoped that it would also make congress less dependent on the president's budget and better able to set and meet its own budgetary goals

advises congress on the probable consequences of its decisions, forecasts revenues, and is a counterweight to the president's office of management and budget

a resolution binding congress to a total expenditure level, supposedly the bottom line of all federal spending for all progress

a congressional process through which program authorization are revised to achieve required savings. it usually includes tax or other revenue adjustments

an act of congress that establishes, continues, or changes a discretionary government program or an entitlement

an act of congress that actually funds programs within limit establised by authorization bills

when congress cannot reach agreement and pass appropriations , these resolutions allow agencies to spend at the level of the previous year