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cassiekay10
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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calcium function
imp for bone/tooth formation; bld clotting, muscle/nerve action; metabolism
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most abundant mineral in body
ca
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ca deficiency
rickets, tetany, osteomalacia, osteoporosis
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ca tox
n/v, decreased appetite, calcium kidney stone
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foods w ca
dairy, green veggies
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type of milk w more ca
skim
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phos functions
works w ca in bone/tooth formation; energy metabolism
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tox in p
tetany due to hypocalcemia
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foods w p
dairy, meats, fish, eggs
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sodium dri
500-2400 mg qd
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sodium wnl blood level
135-145 mEg/L
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sodium functions
maintains bd water/acid base balance; works w potassium (nerve impulses)
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def in na
rare; cool, clammy skin, confusion (hyponatremia)
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tox in na
edema, wt gain, hypertension (hypernatremia)
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foods w na
table salt, salty snacks, canned foods
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K wnl blood level
3.5-5 mEq/L
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k functions
works w na in body water balance and nerve transmissio
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heart muscle is sensitive to what mineral
k
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directions for k
dilute before giving, esp powder and IV forms
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def in k
rare - usually associated w diurectics, prolonged vomitting/d
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s/s of def in k
- muscle weakness, fatigue, cramping
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tox in k
irritability, confusion, abnormal heart rhythm, heart block (hyperkalemia)
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foods w k
oranges, bananas, green leafy veggies
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mg functions
necessary for metabolism, protein synthesis, muscle action
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def in mg
rare - muscle cramping/weakness, tremors, CNS irritability
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tox in mg
cns depression, coma
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mg foods
nuts, soybeans, cocoa/chocolate, seafood
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cl functions
digestion (forms hydrochloric acid), and respiration (helps carry CO2 to lungs for release)
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def in cl
rare - muscle spasms, alkalosis due to hyperventilation
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tox in cl
acidosis due to co2 retention
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S functions
structure of hair, nails, skin (collagen)
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s def
rare - def if lack of protein (kwashiorkor)- none reported
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if you get enough protein you get enough
S
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foods w s
proteins (meat, eggs, milk, chees)
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__ outside cell, _ inside cell
na, k
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fe function
hemoglobin synthesis, o2 transport to cells, works closely w copper
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def in fe
iron def anemis, (fatigue, pallor and low oxygenation)
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tox in fe
increased iron stores, gi cramping, n/v, dark stools, gi bleeding
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food w fe
meat, liver, eggs
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iron absorbs when taken with a ____ source
vit c
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i functions
thyroid gland function and thyroxine production; controls metabolism
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def in i
goiter (enlarged thyroid), hypothyroidism (cretinism and myxedema)
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tox of i
acne, iodine goiter
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foods w i
iodized/table salt, seafood
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zn functions
protein metabolism, tissue growth/healing, reproduction, immune function
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def of zn
impaired taste/smell, poor wound healing
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tox of zn
n/v/d, deacreased hdl cholesterol levels
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foods w zn
meats, oysters, eggs
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se funtion
antioxidant, works w vit e; cancer and viral protective effects
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se def
keshan disease (cardiomyopathy in children, caused by low se levels in soil, china)
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tox of se
fatigue, hair loss, brittle nails
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foods w se
seafood, organ meats, grains/nuts/seeds
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se must be in ___ where grown
soil
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f function
bonds w ca for strong teeth/bones
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f def
tooth decay (dental carries), possible link to osteoporosis
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f tox
mottling/ discoloration of teeth
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foods w f
flouridated water, tea, fish (toothpaste)
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cu functions
iron twin - works w iron in energy and hemoglobin productions
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foods w cu
organ meats, seafood, nuts, seeds
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mn functions
protein and energy metabolism, bone formation, reproduction, and blood clotting
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tox mn
rare - seen in miners who inhale manganese dust (s/s like parkinsons disease)
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foods w mn
whole grains, cereals, nuts, tea
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main functions of micronutrients
metabolism
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do not provide k-cal energy
true
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we obtain minerals indirectly via
food chain
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# minerals essential to humans
25
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abosrption of minerals depends on
- 1 food form
- 2 body need
- 3 tissue health
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what is absorbed better animal or plant
animal
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body def in a mineral will
absorb more
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healthier tissue absorbs more or less
more
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minerals carry an ____ charge in the bd
electrical
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(+or-) referred to as in this form
ions/electrolytes
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minerals found in ___ or ___ form throughout the bd
free or combined
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patients on lasix or diuretics need ___ potassium
more
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watch labwork closely for __
K
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macominerals (major) amnt needed
over 100 mg qd
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microminerals amnt needed
less than 100 mg qd
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pregnancy/lactation need more 3
ca, p, fe
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