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What is the outer layer of a human cell called?
the cell membrane
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What is the joint term for a chromosome and the copy made during cell growth?
chromatids
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What is the name for the point where chromatids are attached to each other?
centromere
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What is the name of the process when the cell nucleus divides in Two?
meiTosis
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What is the outcome of cell division by mitosis?
Two cells with an identical copy of genetic material.
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What is the term for complete set of chromosomes in an individual ? ( or species )
karyotype
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Are pairs of homologous chromosomes the same as each other, or different?
same
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What is the combination of sex chromosomes for males and females?
XY and XX
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Which is larger - X or Y chromosome?
X is larger.
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What is an autosome?
Non-sex chromosome.
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What is the term for full set of genes of a given individual?
Genotype
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What is the term for the full set of characteristics of an individual?
phenotype
phainein = 'to show'
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What is the term for different forms of the same gene?
allele
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What is the collective term for sperm and egg cells?
Gametes
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What is the collective term for gametes (sperm / egg ) and ovarian/testicular cells which pass on genetic information?
Germ-line cells?
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Which cells do not pass on genetic information?
Somatic cells
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What is the term for nuclear division in germline cells?
meiosis
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What is the term used when a cell has only one set of chromosomes? i.e. set of 23
haploid
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What is the term used when a cell has both sets of chromosomes? i.e. 46 chromosomes
diploid
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What is independent assortment / random assortment?
When each new gamete gets one of each of 23 chromosomes, but all these could be either from the m/f pair from the original parent.
- So c1m, c2m, c3f, c4m, c5f .....
- versus c1m, c2f, c3m, c4f, c5f .... or many other combinations
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With regard to recombination of chromosomes, what is crossing over?
Parts of each chromosome swap over with a piece of the paired chromosome, so mixing part of the inherited m with inherited f to give new combination before separation. So gamete chromosomes are not exact copy of parent chromosomes.
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