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Positive Reinforcement
Something added increases behavior.
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Negative Reinforcement
Something removed increases behavior.
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Positive Punishment
Something added decreases behavior.
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Negative Punishment
Something removed decreases behavior.
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Primary Reinforcer
Something that the organism naturally enjoys (sex, eating food, etc).
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Secondary Reinforcer
Something the animal must learn to like (receiving a paycheck, etc).
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Fixed Interval
Reward occurs after a fixed amount of time (receiving a paycheck every two weeks, etc).
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Variable Interval
Reinforcers are distributed over a varing amount of time.
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Fixed Ratio
If a behavior is performed "X" amount of times, there will be one reinforcement on the "Xth" performance (Aerie-- Buy 5 bras, get the 6th free).
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Variable Ratio
Reinforcers are distributed based on the average number of correct behaviors. A ratio of 1:3 means that, on average, 1 in every 3 behaviors is reinforced.
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Extinction
If a reinforcer fails to occur after a behavior that has been reinforced in the past, the behavior might extinguish.
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Extinction Bursts
An animal may repeat a behavior over and over again in a burst of activity when a behavior that has been strongly reinforced in the past.
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UCS // Unconditional Stimulus
"Unlearned". Noun. A thing that naturally and automatically triggers a response.
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UCR // Unconditional Response
"Unlearned". Verb. Response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditional stimulus.
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CS // Conditional Stimulus
"Learned". Noun. A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditional stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response. (Quack & BB gun are unrelated & quack sound was neutral. Now, the quack sound makes the boy duck and cover. Quack = Conditional Stimulus.)
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CR // Conditional Response
"Learned". Verb. Learned reaction to the previously neutral stimulus. (Duck and cover is the reaction to the previously neutral stimulus, the quack.)
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