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139shay
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normal platelet count is
150,000 to 400,000
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR
test for inflammation
rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, hepatitis, cancer, multiple myeloma , rheumatic fever , lupus
wintrobe, westergren, landau-adams
EDTA lanvendar tube
60 minutes test not an hour
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coagulation testin
PT: promthrombin time test evaluates the presence of factor VIIa , V and X , prothrombin , fibrinogen
fibrinogen: protein called globulin
reported in SECONDS 10 to 13 seconds
patients who have clotting problems
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INR
international normalized ratio created by WHO world health organization because PT test results can vary
inr have values 1.5 to 2.5 ( 2 to 3 vaules)
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immunohematology
blood bank responsible for blood typing
antigen system: ABO or landsteiner Rh system
A, B, O, AB
a person is either Rh negative or Rh postive
China more than 99% Rh positive
NOT CLIA waived
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patients with type AB blood are considered
universal recipients
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patients with type O blood is considered
universal donor
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in emergencies if there is no time for type and cross match type __ blood is adminsitered
O negative O-
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determination of Rh factor
NOT CLIA waived
rhesus monkeys
detects the presence of D antigens on the surface of RBCs
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hemoglobin A1c testing
diabetes
this test gives information about the average blood sugar level during the past 2 or 3 months
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thyroid hormone testing
the thyroid gland is located anterior to the trachea in the throat
pituitary gland and hypothalamus
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erythocytes carry
gases , oxygen , carbon dioxide
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hemotologist
investigate hemostasis blance of substance in blood , ability to stop clotting process
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RBC are ___ than WBC
heavier
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erythroblast
immature RBC or rubiblast
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normaocytes
shed from nuclei before entering the blood stream
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reticulocyte
enter blood stream contain DNA look blue under microscope when stained
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mature RBCs
erythrocytes redish pigment has millions of hemoglobin carries oxygen bioconcave lost nucleus
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prothrombin time test
coagulation and before surgery to see if patient is going to bleed out
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list the three main functions of blood
supplies cells with needed nutrients
delivers oxygen to tissues through hemoglobin
remove wastes
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role of hematology
blood cells are enumerated , WBC are differentiated , the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is determined
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neutrophils
most numerous
engulf and digest foreing matter
immature neutrophils is called a band or stab
menigitis , pneumonia , appendicits , strep throat , leukemia
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eosinophil
parastic infestation, tape worm , phagocytic histamine , hay fever , asthma
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basophil
immediate response to external antigens
histamine , heparin , anaphylaxis
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lymphocytes
foreign antigen
syphilis
tuberculosis
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monocyte
largest
engest baterial and the debris of cellular breakdown
- hepatitis
- mumps
- rickettsial
- rocky mountain spotted fever
- typhoid fever
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destroying patogens requres three specific steps
antigen processing , lymphocyte stimulation , antibody production
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