-
normal platelet count is
150,000 to 400,000
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR
test for inflammation
rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, hepatitis, cancer, multiple myeloma , rheumatic fever , lupus
wintrobe, westergren, landau-adams
EDTA lanvendar tube
60 minutes test not an hour
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coagulation testin
PT: promthrombin time test evaluates the presence of factor VIIa , V and X , prothrombin , fibrinogen
fibrinogen: protein called globulin
reported in SECONDS 10 to 13 seconds
patients who have clotting problems
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INR
international normalized ratio created by WHO world health organization because PT test results can vary
inr have values 1.5 to 2.5 ( 2 to 3 vaules)
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immunohematology
blood bank responsible for blood typing
antigen system: ABO or landsteiner Rh system
A, B, O, AB
a person is either Rh negative or Rh postive
China more than 99% Rh positive
NOT CLIA waived
-
patients with type AB blood are considered
universal recipients
-
patients with type O blood is considered
universal donor
-
in emergencies if there is no time for type and cross match type __ blood is adminsitered
O negative O-
-
determination of Rh factor
NOT CLIA waived
rhesus monkeys
detects the presence of D antigens on the surface of RBCs
-
hemoglobin A1c testing
diabetes
this test gives information about the average blood sugar level during the past 2 or 3 months
-
-
thyroid hormone testing
the thyroid gland is located anterior to the trachea in the throat
pituitary gland and hypothalamus
-
erythocytes carry
gases , oxygen , carbon dioxide
-
hemotologist
investigate hemostasis blance of substance in blood , ability to stop clotting process
-
RBC are ___ than WBC
heavier
-
erythroblast
immature RBC or rubiblast
-
normaocytes
shed from nuclei before entering the blood stream
-
reticulocyte
enter blood stream contain DNA look blue under microscope when stained
-
mature RBCs
erythrocytes redish pigment has millions of hemoglobin carries oxygen bioconcave lost nucleus
-
-
-
prothrombin time test
coagulation and before surgery to see if patient is going to bleed out
-
list the three main functions of blood
supplies cells with needed nutrients
delivers oxygen to tissues through hemoglobin
remove wastes
-
role of hematology
blood cells are enumerated , WBC are differentiated , the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is determined
-
neutrophils
most numerous
engulf and digest foreing matter
immature neutrophils is called a band or stab
menigitis , pneumonia , appendicits , strep throat , leukemia
-
eosinophil
parastic infestation, tape worm , phagocytic histamine , hay fever , asthma
-
basophil
immediate response to external antigens
histamine , heparin , anaphylaxis
-
lymphocytes
foreign antigen
syphilis
tuberculosis
-
monocyte
largest
engest baterial and the debris of cellular breakdown
- hepatitis
- mumps
- rickettsial
- rocky mountain spotted fever
- typhoid fever
-
destroying patogens requres three specific steps
antigen processing , lymphocyte stimulation , antibody production
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