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The condition of a population's or individual's health, including estimates of quality of life and physical and psychosocial functioning
health status
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People who have a vested interest in identifying and addressing the nutritional problem
stake holders
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figures pertaining to life events, such as births, deaths, and marriages
vital statistics
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an evaluation of the community in terms of its health and nutritional status, its needs, and the resources available to address those needs.
community needs assessment
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methods of data collection (5)
- 1. survey
- 2. focus groups
- 3. screening
- 4. Interviews
- 5. Direct assessment
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the accuracy of the diet assessment instrument. It reflects the ability of a diet assessment instrument to measure what it is intended to measure; that is a valid instrument accurately measures an individual's usual or customary dietary intake over a period of time.
validity
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the condition of a population's or individuals health as influenced by the intake and utilization of nutrients and non-nutrients
nutrition status
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the population that is the focus of an assessment study or intervention
target population
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steps for a needs assessment (7)
- 1. define the problem
- 2. set parameters
- 3. collect data
- 4. analyze data
- 5. share your findings
- 6. set your priorities
- 7. choose plan of action
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broad statements of what the activity or program is expected to accomplish
goals
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statements of outcomes and activities needed to reach a goal
objectives
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data that describe or explain are considered subjective, and can be categorized or ranked but not quantified
qualitative
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numerical data (such as serum ferritin, birth rate or income) that can be measured and are considered objective.
quantitative
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people who are "in the know" about the community and whose opinions and insights can help direct the needs assessment
key informants
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the proportion of individuals in the sample with the disease or condition who have a positive test for it.
sensitivity
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the proportion of individuals in the sample without the disease or condition who have a negative test for it.
specificity
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the repeatability or precision of an assessment instrument.
reliability
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the study of epidemics
epidemiology
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a particular instance of a disease or outcome of interest.
case
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the probability or likelihood of an event occurring in this case, the probability that people will acquire a disease.
risk
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clinically important signs associated with an increased likelihood of acquiring a disease.
risk factors
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the number of new cases of a disease during a specific time period in a defined population.
incidence
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hidden factors that impact results
compounding factos
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the number of existing cases of a disease or other condition in a given population
prevalence
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a well-defined group of people who are studied over a period of time to determine their incidence of disease, injury or death.
cohort
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steps in epidemiology (9)
- 1. observing
- 2. counting cases
- 3. relate cases to people at risk
- 4. make comparisons
- 5. tested hypothesis
- 6. draw scientific inferences
- 7. conduct experimental studies
- 8. intervene
- 9. evaluate
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like a snapshot, this type of study examines the relationship among dietary intake, diseases, and othe variables as the exist in a population at a particular time
cross-sectional study
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like a moving picture, this type of study is an observational analytic study that can be retrospective or prospective in nature. Enrollment in the study is based on exposure characteristics or on membership in a group. Disease, death, and/or other health-related outcomes are then determined and compared.
cohort study
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a type of observational analytical study: enrollment in the study is based on presence (case) or absense (control) of disease. Characteristics, such as previous exposure to a factor, are then compared between cases and controls.
case control study
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the most rigourous evaluation of a dietary hypothesis including double blind experiments
control study
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stages of change
- 1. Precontemplation
- 2. contemplation
- 3. preparation
- 4. action
- 5. maintenence
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a discipline that strives to enhance health and prevent disease by improving the public's eating habits
community nutrition
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people that interact with shared values
community
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approach to collecting data on a population's health and nutrition status in which data collection occurs regularly and repeatedly
surveillance
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a course of action chosen by public authorities to address a given problem
ex. iodized salt, fortified milk, seatbelt laws, medicare
policy
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complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease
health defined by WHO
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WHO pre-requisites for good health
- -freedom from war
- -the satisfaction of basic needs
- -the right to find meaningful work and perform as useful role in society
- -equal opportunity for all people
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specific, measureable actions to be completed within a specified time frame
objectives
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measurable activities carriet out by the nutritionists to achieve the outcome objectives
process objectives
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measurable change in a health or nutritional outcome
outcome objectives
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measurable activities surrounding the budget, staffing, patterns, management systems, use of organization resources and coordination of program activities
structure outcomes
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testing certain elements of a program before it is implemented
formative evaulation
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focus on how the program is delivered
process evaulation
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whether a program accomplished its stated goals, to what extent
process evaulation
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the process of measuring a programs effectiveness in changing one or more aspects of nutritional or health status
outcome evaluation
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process of determining adequacy of the internal processes and resources needed to deliver the program
structure evaluation
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the program's benefits relative to its cost
fiscal evaluation
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the process by which authorities decide which actions to take to address a problem or set of problems
policy making
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PAC
political action committee, similar interests pool money to get political leaders to vote your way
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a set of nationwide guidelines that specify how the nutritional needs of the population will be met
National Nutrition Policy
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National nutrition policy manifests itself in:
- -healthy people 2020
- -dietary guidelines
- -regulations
- -food labels
- -food assistance programs
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the assessment of dietary or nutrition status at intermittent times with the aim of detecting changes in the dietary or nutrition status of a population
national nutrition monitoring system
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a system that identifies specific individuals for nutrition or public health intervention, often at the community level
screening
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measurement of indicators of dietary status and nutrition-related health status to identify the possible occurrence, nature and extent of impaired nutritional status
assessment
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the assessment of dietary or nutritional status at intermittent times with the aim of detecting changes in the dietary or nutritional status of a population.
monitoring
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a summary measure of overall diet quality compared to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Food Guide Pyramid
Healthy Eating Index
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Healthy People 2020 primary goals
- 1. eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death
- 2. achieve health equity and eliminate health disparities
- 3. create social and physical, environments that promote health for all
- 4. promote healthy development and healthy behavior across every stage of life
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determinants of health
- -biology
- -behaviors
- -social environment
- -physical environment
- -policies and interventions
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leading health indicators
- physical activity
- overweight and obesity
- tobacco use
- substance abuse
- responsible sexual behavior
- mental health
- injury and violence
- environmental quality
- immunization
- access to health care
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if dietetics is your profession __________ is your business
public policy
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changes in US that impact policy
- population getting older
- increase in obesity
- increase in diabetes
- need preventative healthcare
- licensure for the RD
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primary, secondary and tertiary health promotion
- primary = prevention
- secondary = intervention
- tertiary = treatment
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