Med Term Ch 7

alveolus ( air sacs )

bronchus ( airway )

bronchiole ( little airways )

carbon dioxide

larynx ( voice box )

lobe ( a portion )

nose

mouth

oxygen

palate

pharynx ( throat )

diaphragm ( also mind? )

pleura ( linings of lungs )

air or lung

lung ( pulmonary - lung )

sinus ( cavity )

breathing

chest

tonsil

trachea

uvula

• Structure that warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract
• also houses olfactory receptors for the sense of smell

air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity

• roof of the mouth
• partition between the oral and nasal cavities
• divided into hard palate ( front of mouth ) and soft palate ( back of mouth )

bony anterior (front) portion of palate

muscular posterior (back) portion of mouth

• throat
• pasageway for food to the esophagus and for air to larynx

part of the pharynx directly behind the nose

central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis

• lower part of pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus
• below the oropharynx, where the larynx is

• oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion
• also called palatine tonsils

• lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose
• also called pharyngeal tonsil

• small projection hanging dfrom the back middle edge of the soft palat
• named for its grape-like shape
• the hangy down thing at the back of your mouth

• voice box
• passageway for air moving from the pharynx to the trache
• contains the vocal cords

opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

a lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway

• windpipe
• passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina, where it splits into the right and left main bronchi

branched airways that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli

two primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs

progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways

thin-walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases

• two spongy organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage
• responsible for respiration

subdivisions of the lungs, with two on the left and three on the right

• membranes enclosing the lungs
• set of two membranes
• visceral pleura is the inner-most lining laying against the lung itself
• parietal pleura is the outer-most lining laying against the thoracic cavity

• space between the two pleurae
• note, this is NOT the same as chest cavity or thoracic cavity as is sometimes suggested

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and that moves upwards and downward to aid respiration

partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (one which contains R lung and one which contains L lung), and encloses the heart, trachea, esophagus, and thymus gland

thin sheets of tissue that line respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid (sticky) fluid

hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, such as those in the bronchi, which move mucous cell secretions upward

functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs, that perform respiration

normal breathing

slow breathing

fast breathing

shallow breathing

deep breathing

difficulty breathing

inability to breath

ability to breath, only in an upright position

pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and, sometimes, in rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea

• popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli
• occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis

• high-pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through ta narrowed airway
• occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphymsema

high-pitched, crowning sound that occurs with an obstruction in the upper airway ( trachea or larynx )

• degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance
• eww

bluish coloration of the skin caused by a deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

hoarseness

nosebleed

coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs

material expelled from the lungs by coughing

• coughing up and spitting out blood that originates in the lungs
• ptysis = to spit

excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood

excessive movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypocapnia

deficient level of carbon dioxide in the blood

deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypercapnia

deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells

condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs

condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs

fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli and, eventually, flooding into the alveoli

density on an x-ray image representing the consolidation of matter within the air spaces of the lungs, usually resulting from an inflammatory process

• thin, watery discharge from nose
• runny nose

• obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane
• characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough

• collapse of lung tissue (alveoli)
• atele = imperfect
• -ectasis = expansion or dilation

abnormal dilation of the bronch with accumulation of mucus

inflammation of the bronchi

• lung cancer
• cancer originating in the bronchi

constriction of bronchi cause by spasm (involuntary contraction) of the peribronchial smooth muscle

obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange

permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

• inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous (sticky) mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract
• mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infection, inflammation and damage of lung tisue

inflammation of the larynx

• inflammation of the upper airways with swelling
• creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct "seal bark" cough

spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction

• presence of numerous polyps in the nose
• a polyp is a tumor on a stalk

inflammation of the pharynx

accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

blood in the pleural cavity

inflammation of the pleura

chronic restrictive pulmonary disease, resulting form prolonged inhalation of fine dusts such as coal, asbestos (asbestosis), or silicone (silicosis)

inflammation of the lung resulting from infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, or from aspiration of chemicals

pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism, a common opportunistic infection in those who are positive for the HIV virus

air in the pleural cavity by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

air and blood in the pleural cavity

inflammation of the lung, often caused by hypersenskitivity to chemicals or dusts

occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot

• disease caused by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs
• characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions (caseous necrosis)

periods of breathing cessation (10seconds or more), that occur during sleep, often resulting in snoring

acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils

infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi