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What are the different organizations associated with zoos?
- AZA
- IAAAM
- AAZV
- ACZM
- AAZVT
- AAZK
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What does AZA stand for?
Association of Zoos and Aquariums
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What does IAAAM stand for?
International Association of Aquatic Medicine
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What does AAZVT stand for?
American Association of Zoo Vet Tech
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What does AAZK stand for?
American Association of Zoo Keepers
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What are some related groups associated with zoos and aquariums?
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What does AAV stand for?
Association of Avian Vet
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What does ARAV stand for?
Association of Reptile and Amphibian Vet
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What does AWV stand for?
Association of Wildlife Vet
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What does NWRA stand for?
National Wildlife Rehabilitation Association
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What does IWRC stand for?
International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council
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How many zoos are accredited by the AZA in 7 countries?
223
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What does the species survival plans do?
coordinates captive breeding
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What does Taxon Advisory Group do?
specializes in specific species and are a resource for people who want more information
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What is the International Species Identification System (ISIS)?
each species is given a number - like a social security number
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What are the reasons for missions?
- public education
- research
- conservation (breeding programs)
- entertainment
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How many people go to zoos each year?
about 175,000,000
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What are the different laws to protect animals in zoos?
- Animal Welfare Act
- FWS of USDI (Fish and Wildlife Service)
- Marine Mammal Protection Act
- VDGIF (game wardens that deal with native wildlife)
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What are the different types of zoos?
- society run
- city run
- state run
- federal zoo
- privately run
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Which zoos are non-profit?
- society run
- city run
- state run
- federal run
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Which zoos are out to make money?
privately run
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What types of species are in zoos?
- mammals
- marine mammals
- birds
- reptiles
- amphibians
- fish
- invertebrates
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What is the hierarchy in a zoo?
- society president
- zoo director
- general curator
- curator of mammals, bird, etc
- keepers
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Are full time veterinarians mandatory at a zoo?
no, a consulting veterinarian is minimal
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How many zoos have full time VMDs?
~125
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What is MedArks?
computerized record keeping so everyone can access records - national database
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Other than veterinarians, what other staff might we see at a zoo?
- nutritionist
- pathologist
- researchers
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Describe a zoo hospital.
- may employ LVTs and keepers
- many are 10,000+ square feet
- usually have elaborate labs
- necropsy area
- may include quarantine area
- may include nursery
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Can a veterinarian have a specialty for zoo medicine?
yes
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What are the responsibilities of a zoo veterinarian?
- prevention of injury or disease
- treat sick/injured animals
- clinical research
- ID morbidity and mortality
- assist with reproduction program
- supervise diets fed
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What is the number 1 responsibility of a veterinarian? What is the number 2 responsibility?
- Number 1: prevention of injury and disease
- Number 2: treat sick/injured animals
- if there is a good prevention plan in place then hopefully there won't be a lot of treating
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What is the role of the LVT?
- communicate with staff
- manage hospital
- record keeping
- lab/other diagnostic testing
- feed/medicate patients
- anesthetize/monitor patients
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How can we prevent problems in zoos?
- quarantine
- vaccinate
- parasite control
- balanced diet
- proper sanitation
- personal hygiene
- proper housing
- early recognition of problems
- necropsy of all deaths
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How long should an animal be quarantined?
30 - 90 days
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How can a balanced diet still cause problems?
the animal may pick out the things they like from the food and still not get all the nutrients because they are not eating all of the food
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What is the second biggest expense to a zoo? What is the first?
- first: staff
- second: prepared diets
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What do we need to take into consideration when feeding live/killed prey?
don't use barbiturates in the animals that are for food because the animals that eat them will get barbiturate toxicity
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What companies make prepared diets?
- Zu Preem
- Mazuri
- Kellogg
- Kaytee
- Animal Spectrum
- Reliable Protein Products
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What kind of animal identification is used?
- all animals have an ISIS number
- other methods used: ear tags, tattoo, computer chip, leg bands, description of spots
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What should a zoo exhibit do?
minimize the stress to the animal
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What is the difference between a natural and sterile exhibit?
- natural: more like the animals natural habitat and provides environmental enrichment
- sterile: nothing for the animal to do
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What are the different aspects to an exhibit design?
- temperature
- humidity
- ventilation
- hiding places
- protection from weather
- water quality
- social grouping
- presence of other species
- predator access
- ability to isolate animals
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How do we minimize stress to an animal in a zoo?
- proper environment
- correct social grouping
- separation from public
- ability to get away from view
- psychological enrichment
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What happens to a social animal when they are separated?
causes them stress and may not eat
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How does having animals in zoo perform shows for the public beneficial?
provides psychological enrichment
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What are pinnipeds?
seals and sea lions
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What are some common problems of pinnipeds?
eyes, GI, respiratory, heartworm
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What problems can animals who eat fish have?
fish have thiaminase which breaks down B1 so these animals must get a B1 supplement
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Are pinnipeds easy or hard to medicate?
easy to medicate
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Why do we need to use distilled water in amphibians habitats?
because they absorb everything through their skin
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How do we get nocturnal animals active during the day for people visiting the zoo to see?
house them inside and do reverse light cycle
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What is a reverse light cycle?
- turn lights off and put on the red light (animals don't see red light) and animals will be active
- turn on light at night
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What are some environmental hazards in the habitats in zoos?
- water
- trees
- fences or walls
- rocks, crevices, and caves
- toxic plants
- other animals
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