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Trapezius
- Action- Rotates Scapula;raises scapula; pulls scapula medially, or pulls scapula and shoulder downward; extend head; laterally flexes head and neck
- Origin- Occipital bone, cervical and thoracic vertebra
- Insertion- Clavicle, arcomion and spinous process of scapula
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Serratus Anterior
- Action- Pulls scapula anteriorly and upward
- Origin- Upper ribs
- Insertion- Scapula
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Erector Spinae
- Action- Extends vertebrae and ribs; maintains erect posture
- Origin- Sacrum, Ilium, Lumbar, and Thoracic vertebrae, ribs
- Insertion- Ribs, cervical, and thoracic vertebra
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External Intercostals
- Action- Elevates and draws ribs together- inspiration
- Origin- Inferior border of a rib, external surface
- Insertion- Superior border of a rib below, external surface
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Internal Intercostals
- Action- Draws ribs together; depresses thorax (ribs)- expiration
- Origin- Superior border of a rib, internal surface
- Insertion- Inferior border of rib above, internal surface
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Diaphragm
- Action- Pulls central tendon down, increasing size of thoracic cavity, inspiration
- Origin- Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of last six ribs, and lumbar vertebrae
- Insertion- Central tendon
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External Oblique
- Action- Compresses abdomen; lateral rotation
- Origin- Lower eight ribs
- Insertion- Iliac crest; Linea Alba (aponeurosis of midline)
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Interal Oblique
- Action- Compresses abdomen; lateral rotation
- Origin- Iliac crest
- Insertion- Linea Alba (aponeurosis of midline); costal cartilage of last three or four ribs
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Transversus Abdominis
- Action- Compresses abdomen
- Origin- Inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, and costal cartilage of last six ribs
- Insertion- Linea Alba, and Pubic Crest
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Rectus Abdominis
- Action- Flexes vertebral column
- Origin- Pubic Crest and Symphysis Pubis
- Insertion- Costal cartilage of fifth to seventh ribs and Xiphoid process
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Pectoralis Major
- Action- Flexes, adducts, and rotates the arm medially, pulls arm across chest
- Origin- Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of second to sixth rib
- Insertion- Intertubecular Groove of Humerus
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Latissimus dorsi
- Action- Adducts and rotates Humerus medially, retracts shoulder
- Origin- Sacral, lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae; Iliac Crest and lower ribs
- Insertion- Intertubercular Groove of Humerus
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Deltoid
- Action- Abucts arm; extends and lateral rotation or flexes and medially rotates arm
- Origin- Clavicle, Acromion Process and Spine of Scapula
- Insertion- Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus
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Biceps Brachii
- Action- Flexes elbow; supinator
- Origin- Coracoid Process and Supraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula
- Insertion- Radial Tuberosity of Radius
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Brachialis
- Action- Flexes elbow; supinator
- Origin- Anterior distal Humerus
- Insertion- Coronoid process and tuberosity of Ulna
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Brachioradialis
- Action- Flexes elbow
- Origin- Lateral distal Humerus
- Insertion- Styloid process of Radius
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Triceps Brachii
- Action- Extends the forearm
- Origin- Scapula and humerus
- Insertion- Olecranon Process of Ulna
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Action- Flexes wrist and abducts the hand
- Origin- Humerus
- Insertion- Second and third metacarpals
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- Action- Flexex and adducts the wrist
- Origin- Humerus and ulna
- Insertion- Carpal and metacarpal bones
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Extensor digitorum
- Action- Extends wrist, hand and digits
- Origin- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion- Middle Phalanges of digits
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- Action-Extends and abducts wrist
- Origin- Humerus
- Insertion- second metacarpal
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- Action- Extends and adducts wrist
- Origin- Humerus and Ulna
- Insertion- Fifth metacarpal
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