-
Smoking decreases risk
Recurrent apthous stomatitis
-
Pathergy test
Behcet Syndrome
-
Crops of mouth ulcers, genital ulcers, eye inflammation
Behcet Syndrome
-
STDs/Chlamydia
Reactive Arthritis (Reiter's Syndrome)
-
Hemorrhagic crusting of vermillion borders of the lips
Erythema multiforme
-
Bulls eye skin lesions
EM Minor
-
Steven's Johnson syndrome
EM Major
-
Dekeratinization and desquamation of filiform papillae
Geographic Tongue
-
Ageusia, Dysgeusia, lichenoid reaction, epithelial sloughing
Allergic Contact Stomatitis
-
Labial enlargement and facial swelling
Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome
-
Strawberry gingivitis
Wegener's Granulomatosis
-
Subepithelial split at BM, IgG and C3
MMP
-
Abs against collagen VII
Epidemolysis Bullosa Acquisita
-
-
-
Tzanck cells
Pemphigus Vulgaris
-
Fishnet appearance on IF
Pemphigus Vulgaris
-
Patient already diagnosed with cancer
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
-
DSG1, subcorneal split
Pemphigus Follaceus
-
Wickham's Striae
Reticular LP
-
Hyperkeratotic , leukoplakic, raised or flat on tongue and buccal mucosa
Plaque Form LP
-
Looks like MMP, but has white striae and is precancerous
Erosive LP
-
Large bullae rupture and cause erosion
Bullous LP
-
Erosions and white striae around amalgam
Lichenoid reaction
-
-
Band of T lymphocytes around BM, thickening of BM, degeneration of basal cells, antifibrinogen Ab
Lichen Planus
-
Topical tx that is not a steroid (good for DM and HTN pts)
Tacrolimus
-
Malar rash, photosensitivity
Lupus Erythematosis
-
ANA+, dsDNA+, anti-smith Abs
Lupus Erythematosis
-
Brown tumor
Hyperparathyroidism
-
Vitamin D deficiency in children
Rickets
-
Vitamin D deficiency in adults
Osteomalacia
-
Increased osteoid, decreased mature bone
Rickets/osteomalacia
-
Deficiency of bone tissue per unit volume of bone, treat with bisphosphonates
Osteoporosis
-
Giantism and acromegaly
Hyperpituitarism
-
"hair on end"-- radial striations in the diploic space of the skull
Sickle cell anemia/thalassemia
-
Bilateral uncontrolled growth of bone w/ cement lines
Paget's Disease
-
Bilateral uncontrolled growth of bone w/ cement lines
Paget's Disease
-
Sclerodactyly, widening of PDL space, Reynaud's syndrome
Scleroderma
-
Enlarged Langerhan's cells, eosinophils and "floating teeth"
Langerhan's cell histiocytosis
-
Acute Disseminated LCH
Letter-siwe disease
-
Bone lesions, diabetes insipidus and exophthalmos Hand-Schuller-Christiansen Triad=
Multifocal LCH
-
PTCH mutation
Gorlin syndrome
-
Multiple OKCs and basal cell carcinomas
- Gorlin syndrome (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)
- Palmar and plantar pits
- Skeletal abnormalities
- – Intracranial calcification
- – Rib and vertebral anomalies
- • Characteristic face:
- – Enlarged head circumference (frontalbossing)
- – Hypertelorism
- • Various types of tumors (<15%)
-
variation in allelic expression when the allele is penetrant.
expressivity
-
frequency of expression of an allele when it is present in the genotype of the organism
penetrance
-
-
Marfanoid body build
oral mucosal neuromas
medullary carincoma of the thyroid pheochromocytoma
MEN2B
-
APC mutation
Gardner Syndrome
-
Multiple osteomas, impacted teeth, odontomas, 100% develop colorectal carcinoma, supernumary teeth
Gardner Syndrome
-
STK11 mutation
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
-
Benign (hamartomatous) polyps,
freckle-like spots on perioral skin and hands)
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
-
NF1 mutation
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
-
Café au lait spots
crowe's sign(axillary freckling)
lisch nodules (iris)
multiple neurofibromas
Neurofibromatosis type 1
-
Port wine stains along CN V
leptomeningeal angiomas
Sturge-Weber Angiomatosis
-
touch nose w/ tongue
gorlin sign: ehlers-danlos
-
Hypermobility of joints, elastic skin, gorlin sign
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
-
multiple vessel abnormalities->exessive bleeding
multiple papules
recurrent epistaxis
telangiectasias
AV malformations
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
-
Red papules, family hx, epistaxis, AV-malformation Hereditary hemorrhagic Telangiectasias,Peg-shaped incisors, heat intolerance (can't sweat)
Ectodermal Dysplasia
-
RUNX2 (CBFA1) mutation
- Cleidocranial Dysplasia
- RUNX2 (CBFA1) osteoblast & odontoblast development
-
Hypoplastic clavicle, delayed eruption of permanent teeth
Cleidocranial Dysplasia
-
Café au lait spots, sexual precocity, fibrous dysplasia
McCune-Albright Syndrome
-
Fe deficiency + glossitis + dysphagia (esophageal webs)
- Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
- tx: Fe supplement
-
Facial paralysis, swollen lips (OFG), fissured tongue
Melkerson-Rosenthal Syndrome
-
Esophageal webs
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
-
Erosion, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis
Osteoarthritis
-
Inherited skin condition with no other allergic conditions
Atopic dermatitis
-
Scratching leads to excoriations
Eczema
-
Itchy skin rash→ begins hours after contact
Allergic contact dermatitis
-
Excessive contact with irritatnts, causes hand dermatitis
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
-
Increased skin cell turnover with slow shedding
Psoriasis
-
-
Histamine causes angioedema of lips and hands
Urticaria
-
Abnormal C1NH protein
Angioedema (w/out urticaria)
-
Tongue blade test Physical urticaria
dermatographism
-
-
Affects areas exposed to sunlight over a long period of time, solar elastosis also involved
Solar comedones
-
Migraine headaches, sun damage, erythema, telangiectasia
Rosacea
-
Mixed population of staph and strep
Impetigo
-
Collection of pus in a firm mass caused by S. aureous
Furuncles
-
Survive in dead keratin
Dermatophyte infections
-
Athlete's foot
Tinea pedis
-
-
-
Ringworm of the scalp
Tinea capitus
-
-
Do NOT burrow, transmitted by combs
Pediculosis (lice)
-
Larvae enter swimmer's pores and die
Swimmer's Itch
-
Increased epithelial turnover rate
Dandruff
-
Hair loss from crash diets
Telogen effluvium
-
Abrupt hair loss from chemo
Anagen effluvium
-
Patchy hair loss from autoimmune condition
Alopecia areata
-
Jellyfish and coral stinging structures
Nematocyts
-
Antimicrobial anti-HIV components of saliva
HIV-specific IgA, SLIPI
-
Dark pink submucosal swelling
Lymphoid hyperplasia
-
Normal low PMN counts
Benign ethnic neutropenia
-
Absence of PMNs, caused by anticancer chemotherapeutic agents
Agranulocytosis
-
Periodic reduction in PMN population
Cyclic neutropenia
-
Decreased production, increased destruction, sequestration in spleen
Thrombocytopenia
-
Increase in mass of RBCs→TIA, CVA, MI
Polycythemia Vera
-
Scooped out mandible, floating teeth, large langerhan's cells
Langerhan's cell histiocytosis
-
Blast transformation, 9/22 translocation
CML
-
Reed-sternberg cells
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
-
Owl-eye nucleus
Hodgkin's lymphoma
-
B-lymphocytes affected, MALT formation
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
-
Cells have minimal cytoplasm
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
-
"starry sky" appearance
Burkitt's Lyphoma
-
Kids, posterior jaws, multiple quadrants affected
Burkitt's Lymphoma
-
B-lymphocyte malignancy associated with EBV
Endemic Burkitt's Lymphoma
-
Bence-Jones protein, amyloid deposition
Multiple myeloma
-
Eccentric nuclei, stippled nuclear chromatin
Multiple myeloma
-
Plasma cell origin, Punched out lesions on radiograph
Multiple myeloma
-
Glossitis, angular cheilitis, koilonychias, splenomegaly
Anemias
-
VIII-A and IX-B deficiency
Hemophilia
-
Impaired collagen synthesis results in bleeding gums
Vitamin C deficiency/Scurvy
-
White, creamy, removable plaques
Pseudomembranous oral candidiasis (thrush)
-
Elongated hyphae, thigmotropism
Oral candidiasis
-
Diagnosed using periodic acid Schiff
Oral candidiasis
-
Treated with Amphotericin B
Deep Mycoses
-
Leads to CNS involvement
Crytococcosis
-
Cough, anemia, shiny papules, 3rd most common
Penicilliosis
-
Reactivation of latent infection, fever, weight loss
Histoplasmosis
-
Causes sinus infection and invasive lesions
Aspergillosis
-
Viscera, lymph nodes, mucocutanous tissues affected
Blastomycosis
-
Pulmonary infection and erythema multiforme
Coccidiomycosis
-
Erythematous linear banding, not related to plaque
Linear gingival erythema
-
Destruction of one or more interdental papillae
NUG
-
Loss of periodontal attachment and bone
NUP
-
Ulcers on non-keratinized mucosa
Aphthous ulcers
-
Ulcers on keratinized mucosa
HSV
-
In HIV, will cross onto the "wet" lip
HSV
-
Stops at midline along one dermatome
Herpes zoster
-
NO langerhan's cells, chromatin margination, EBV
Oral hairy leukoplakia
-
HPV-related lesions Verruca vulgaris, condyloma acuminatum, focal epithelial hyperplasia HHV-8, cancer of lymphatic endothelium and forms bloodfilled vascular channels
Kaposi's Sarcoma
-
HIV increases risk by 60x
Non-hodgekin's lymphoma
-
HIV-related salivary gland disease Sjogren-like syndrome, diffuse CD8 lymphocytic infiltration (DILS), lymphoepithelial cysts of salivary glands, malignant lymphoma Improving immune system reduces Tregs and worsens clinical symptoms
IRIS
-
- xanthelasma
- yellow papules(cholesterol)
-
-
-
-
Carbuncle (aggregate of connected furuncles)
-
large, bulbous, ruddy nose caused by granulomatous infiltration, commonly due to untreated rosacea
Rhinophyma
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